{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310493336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447","title":"Scalable Hybrid Classification-Regression Solution for High-Frequency Nonintrusive Load Monitoring","display_name":"Scalable Hybrid Classification-Regression Solution for High-Frequency Nonintrusive Load Monitoring","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310493336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1899982","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030459370","display_name":"Govind Saraswat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-0115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Govind Saraswat","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026563915","display_name":"Blake Lundstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111168","display_name":"Interphase Materials (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3cv81","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111168"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake Lundstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enphase,Austin,TX,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enphase,Austin,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069864205","display_name":"Murti V. Salapaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-9683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murti V Salapaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University-of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University-of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2677,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48760179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9289000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9289000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprint","display_name":"Preprint","score":0.9031988382339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5962618589401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5726494789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15028095245361328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43169469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580922","display_name":"Preprint","level":2,"score":0.9031988382339478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5962618589401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5726494789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15028095245361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066447","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1899982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1899982","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1899982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1899982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1899982","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1899982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1486108657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","funder_display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1753948535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2196865685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2439896633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2579605078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AR0001016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3408457704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC36-08G028308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4785159920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","funder_display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5698664717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No.  DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6005700546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7021897321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G847654844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8846609399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC36-08GO28308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","funder_display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332276","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/03q1rgc19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338290","display_name":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310493336.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479651931","https://openalex.org/W1987077486","https://openalex.org/W2006478669","https://openalex.org/W2078367979","https://openalex.org/W2082137964","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2209987497","https://openalex.org/W2782666836","https://openalex.org/W2906308763","https://openalex.org/W2940200204","https://openalex.org/W2943836050","https://openalex.org/W3023604169","https://openalex.org/W4310493336","https://openalex.org/W6780941213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4229365511","https://openalex.org/W4211247774","https://openalex.org/W3045462960","https://openalex.org/W4286761081","https://openalex.org/W100995625","https://openalex.org/W4210578026","https://openalex.org/W1938807311","https://openalex.org/W4251903548","https://openalex.org/W4248254235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Residential":[0],"buildings":[1],"with":[2,42,115],"the":[3,97,123,129],"ability":[4],"to":[5,20,66],"monitor":[6],"and":[7,14,46,137],"control":[8],"their":[9],"net-load":[10,37],"(sum":[11],"of":[12,99],"load":[13,30,102,108],"generation)":[15],"can":[16],"provide":[17,67],"valuable":[18],"flexibility":[19],"power":[21,79,110],"grid":[22],"operators.":[23],"We":[24,86],"present":[25],"a":[26,62,68],"novel":[27],"multiclass":[28,56],"nonintrusive":[29],"monitoring":[31,38],"(NILM)":[32],"approach":[33],"that":[34,94,128],"enables":[35],"effective":[36],"capabilities":[39],"at":[40,61],"high-frequency":[41],"minimal":[43],"additional":[44],"equipment":[45],"cost.":[47],"The":[48],"proposed":[49],"machine":[50],"learning":[51],"based":[52],"solution":[53],"provides":[54],"accurate":[55],"state":[57],"predictions":[58],"while":[59],"operating":[60,109],"faster":[63],"timescale":[64],"(able":[65],"prediction":[69,98],"for":[70,96,121],"each":[71],"60-":[72],"Hz":[73],"ac":[74],"cycle":[75],"used":[76,120],"in":[77],"US":[78],"grid)":[80],"without":[81],"relying":[82],"on":[83],"event-detection":[84],"techniques.":[85],"also":[87,106],"introduce":[88],"an":[89],"innovative":[90],"hybrid":[91],"classification-regression":[92],"method":[93,131],"allows":[95],"not":[100],"only":[101],"on/off":[103],"states":[104],"but":[105],"individual":[107],"levels.":[111],"A":[112],"test":[113],"bed":[114],"eight":[116],"residential":[117],"appliances":[118],"is":[119],"validating":[122],"NILM":[124],"approach.":[125],"Results":[126],"show":[127],"overall":[130],"has":[132],"high":[133],"accuracy,":[134],"good":[135],"scaling":[136],"generalization":[138],"properties.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
