{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360584212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distribution System Cyber Attack Defense with DERs","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distribution System Cyber Attack Defense with DERs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360584212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056446144","display_name":"Alaa Selim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa Selim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042402520","display_name":"Junbo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-9666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102911810","display_name":"Fei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5431-4744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,Colorado","National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004660487","display_name":"Fei Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-4379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Storrs,CT,USA,06269"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Storrs,CT,USA,06269","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030759739","display_name":"Sung-Yeul Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-4007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Yeul Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Storrs,CT,USA,06269","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95150078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.800850510597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6441846489906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6393242478370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5894728899002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5300853848457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volt","display_name":"Volt","score":0.5233287811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5052183270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-attack","display_name":"Cyber-attack","score":0.4681805670261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.46218952536582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.4384846091270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4206876754760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41527605056762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.38915109634399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3651511073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3554536700248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.35496723651885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.35402315855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3179732859134674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17236506938934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15994873642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.12155064940452576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.800850510597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6441846489906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6393242478370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5894728899002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5300853848457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157985801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25250","display_name":"Volt","level":3,"score":0.5233287811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5052183270454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201307755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber-attack","level":2,"score":0.4681805670261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.46218952536582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4384846091270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4206876754760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41527605056762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.38915109634399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3651511073112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3554536700248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.35496723651885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.35402315855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3179732859134674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17236506938934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15994873642921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.12155064940452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt51731.2023.10066375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966741850","https://openalex.org/W2038091188","https://openalex.org/W2069517028","https://openalex.org/W2080349266","https://openalex.org/W2551992465","https://openalex.org/W2966740848","https://openalex.org/W2981037657","https://openalex.org/W2989536672","https://openalex.org/W2989945650","https://openalex.org/W3011455949","https://openalex.org/W3117471124","https://openalex.org/W3185133591","https://openalex.org/W3197944870","https://openalex.org/W4206282304","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6769218391","https://openalex.org/W6780559895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631496728","https://openalex.org/W1990279587","https://openalex.org/W2358245908","https://openalex.org/W2974890647","https://openalex.org/W4321484089","https://openalex.org/W4385452087","https://openalex.org/W4304097726","https://openalex.org/W4304097727","https://openalex.org/W2177488045","https://openalex.org/W3123953333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,60],"use":[1],"of":[2,6,120],"smart":[3],"inverter":[4],"capabilities":[5],"distributed":[7],"energy":[8],"resources":[9],"(DERs)":[10],"enhances":[11],"the":[12,17,54,98,104,118],"grid":[13],"reliability":[14],"but":[15],"in":[16,117],"meanwhile":[18],"exhibits":[19],"more":[20],"vulnerabilities":[21],"to":[22,45,52,72],"cyber-attacks.":[23,59,121],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,40],"deep":[28],"reinforcement":[29],"learning":[30],"(DRL)-based":[31],"defense":[32,35],"approach.":[33],"problem":[36],"is":[37],"reformulated":[38],"as":[39,93],"Markov":[41],"decision":[42],"making":[43],"process":[44],"control":[46,90],"DERs":[47],"and":[48,75,82,95,112],"minimizing":[49],"load":[50],"shedding":[51],"address":[53],"voltage":[55,110],"violations":[56],"caused":[57],"by":[58],"original":[61],"soft":[62],"actor-critic":[63],"(SAC)":[64],"method":[65,106],"for":[66,78],"continuous":[67,76],"actions":[68,77],"has":[69],"been":[70],"extended":[71],"handle":[73],"discrete":[74],"controlling":[79],"DERs'":[80],"setpoints":[81],"loadshedding":[83],"scenarios.":[84],"Numerical":[85],"comparison":[86],"results":[87],"with":[88],"other":[89],"approaches,":[91],"such":[92],"Volt-VAR":[94],"Volt-Watt":[96],"on":[97],"modified":[99],"IEEE":[100],"33-node,":[101],"show":[102],"that":[103],"proposed":[105],"can":[107],"achieve":[108],"better":[109],"regulation":[111],"have":[113],"less":[114],"power":[115],"losses":[116],"presence":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
