{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285103591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477","title":"Volt-VAR Optimization in Distribution Networks Using Twin Delayed Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Volt-VAR Optimization in Distribution Networks Using Twin Delayed Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285103591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104883827","display_name":"Rakib Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakib Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037310822","display_name":"Mukesh Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Mansour Lakouraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mansour Lakouraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072772883","display_name":"Hanif Livani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-2728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanif Livani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000628175","display_name":"Mohammed Benidris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-8913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Benidris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada,Department of Electrical &#x0026; Biomedical Engineering,Reno","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.7398653626441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.7252590656280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.6079005002975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.540168285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volt","display_name":"Volt","score":0.5384364724159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.535027027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.47280874848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.45579656958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31351274251937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23813021183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.21353089809417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.20239239931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.08755773305892944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.7398653626441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.7252590656280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.6079005002975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.540168285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157985801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25250","display_name":"Volt","level":3,"score":0.5384364724159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.535027027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.47280874848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45579656958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31351274251937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23813021183013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.21353089809417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.20239239931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.08755773305892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt50606.2022.9817477","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332360","display_name":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xznz413"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162732696","https://openalex.org/W2172245346","https://openalex.org/W2754445377","https://openalex.org/W2906823405","https://openalex.org/W3001131271","https://openalex.org/W3005063712","https://openalex.org/W3023810911","https://openalex.org/W3032404897","https://openalex.org/W3122780823","https://openalex.org/W4384789415","https://openalex.org/W6689823250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523432015","https://openalex.org/W2765340260","https://openalex.org/W2153130273","https://openalex.org/W2076823813","https://openalex.org/W2143080380","https://openalex.org/W3134658563","https://openalex.org/W2547687650","https://openalex.org/W2370845492","https://openalex.org/W3095853931","https://openalex.org/W2893865120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"distribution":[1,69],"grids":[2,138],"are":[3],"undergoing":[4],"new":[5],"challenges":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,84,106,130],"the":[9,100,123,137,151,184,190],"stochastic":[10],"nature":[11],"of":[12,19,55,88,92,103,122,136,142,150],"distributed":[13,56],"energy":[14,57,62],"resources":[15],"(DERs).":[16],"High":[17],"penetration":[18,54],"DERs":[20],"has":[21],"a":[22,35,132],"significant":[23],"impact":[24],"on":[25,156],"Volt-VAR":[26,40,177],"profile":[27,46,135],"and":[28,47,64,160,163,174,194,206],"system":[29,49],"power":[30,50,90,102,114,144,208],"losses.":[31],"This":[32],"work":[33],"proposes":[34],"deep":[36,74,195],"reinforcement":[37],"learning":[38],"(DRL)-based":[39],"optimization":[41],"approach":[42],"for":[43,202],"improving":[44],"voltage":[45,134,204],"reducing":[48,203],"loss":[51],"under":[52],"high":[53],"resources,":[58],"such":[59,110],"as":[60,111],"battery":[61],"storage":[63],"solar":[65],"photovoltaic":[66],"units":[67],"in":[68],"grids.":[70],"The":[71,97,119,148,180],"twin":[72],"delayed":[73],"deterministic":[75,196],"policy":[76,197],"gradient":[77,198],"(TD3)":[78],"method-based":[79],"DRL":[80,125,200],"agent":[81,98],"is":[82,127,154],"proposed":[83,124,152,185],"configure":[85],"optimal":[86],"set-points":[87],"reactive":[89,101,143,170],"outputs":[91,145],"fast":[93],"responding":[94],"smart":[95],"inverters.":[96,147],"schedules":[99],"inverters":[104],"according":[105],"their":[107],"physical":[108],"capabilities,":[109],"minimum":[112],"allowed":[113],"factor,":[115],"e.g.,":[116],"0.9":[117],"leading/lagging.":[118],"reward":[120],"function":[121],"scheme":[126],"designed":[128],"carefully":[129],"ensure":[131],"proper":[133],"with":[139,165,168],"effective":[140],"scheduling":[141],"from":[146],"performance":[149],"model":[153],"verified":[155],"modified":[157],"IEEE":[158],"34-":[159],"123-bus":[161],"systems":[162],"compared":[164],"base":[166],"case":[167],"no":[169],"supply":[171],"by":[172],"inverters,":[173],"local":[175,191],"droop":[176,192],"control":[178,193],"approach.":[179],"results":[181],"show":[182],"that":[183],"method":[186,201],"performs":[187],"better":[188],"than":[189],"(DDPG)-based":[199],"fluctuation":[205],"minimizing":[207],"loss.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
