{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3020927716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","title":"Adversarial Examples on Power Systems State Estimation","display_name":"Adversarial Examples on Power Systems State Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3020927716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","mag":"3020927716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015123158","display_name":"Ali Sayghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323276237","display_name":"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4tq883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sayghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014205263","display_name":"Olugbenga Moses Anubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-6076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323276237","display_name":"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4tq883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olugbenga Moses Anubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017966599","display_name":"Charalambos Konstantinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-3930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323276237","display_name":"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4tq883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1323276237","https://openalex.org/I8248082"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charalambos Konstantinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323276237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99225886,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8627774119377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.8473412990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7624055743217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.634199321269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5960281491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5843952894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.5738346576690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.49175694584846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.48883479833602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.42693889141082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3908140957355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35554826259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34047043323516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3245198726654053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8627774119377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.8473412990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7624055743217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.634199321269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5960281491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5843952894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5738346576690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49175694584846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.48883479833602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.42693889141082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3908140957355499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35554826259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34047043323516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3245198726654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2002254092","https://openalex.org/W2012352984","https://openalex.org/W2022810949","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2061207936","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2135687895","https://openalex.org/W2319367234","https://openalex.org/W2330650066","https://openalex.org/W2399587145","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2539985121","https://openalex.org/W2554050192","https://openalex.org/W2907121680","https://openalex.org/W2952190154","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2971121135","https://openalex.org/W2987619699","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6712837096","https://openalex.org/W6718803878","https://openalex.org/W6763909211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048732067","https://openalex.org/W4383468834","https://openalex.org/W4283221438","https://openalex.org/W2900159906","https://openalex.org/W4384648009","https://openalex.org/W4287828318","https://openalex.org/W2379140333","https://openalex.org/W2406556600","https://openalex.org/W4380352238","https://openalex.org/W3126470649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123],"number":[1],"of":[2,26,64,87],"cyber-attacks":[3],"targeting":[4],"power":[5,31],"system":[6,131],"infrastructures":[7],"is":[8],"increasing":[9],"at":[10],"an":[11],"alarming":[12],"rate.":[13],"Among":[14],"them,":[15],"False":[16],"Data":[17],"Injection":[18],"Attacks":[19],"(FDIAs)":[20],"can":[21,53],"disturb":[22],"the":[23,62,65,85,106,137],"normal":[24],"operation":[25],"state":[27,101],"estimation":[28],"routines":[29],"in":[30,100],"systems":[32],"and":[33,113,119],"potentially":[34],"lead":[35],"to":[36,44,56,60,75,97],"outages.":[37],"Several":[38],"studies":[39],"utilize":[40],"machine":[41,77,91],"learning":[42,78,92],"algorithms":[43,52,93,124],"detect":[45,98],"FDIAs":[46,99],"with":[47],"high":[48],"accuracy.":[49],"However,":[50],"such":[51],"be":[54],"susceptible":[55],"adversarial":[57,88,121],"examples":[58,69,89],"able":[59],"lower":[61],"accuracy":[63],"detection":[66],"model.":[67],"Adversarial":[68],"are":[70,95,125],"crafted":[71],"inputs":[72],"intentionally":[73],"designed":[74],"falsify":[76],"algorithms.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,104],"examine":[84],"effect":[86],"on":[90,108,127],"that":[94],"used":[96],"estimation.":[102],"Specifically,":[103],"demonstrate":[105],"impact":[107],"Support":[109],"Vector":[110],"Machines":[111],"(SVM)":[112],"Multilayer":[114],"Perceptrons":[115],"(MLP)":[116],"against":[117],"poisoning":[118],"evasion":[120],"attacks.":[122],"tested":[126],"IEEE":[128],"14":[129],"bus":[130],"using":[132],"load":[133],"data":[134],"collected":[135],"from":[136],"New":[138],"York":[139],"Independent":[140],"System":[141],"Operator":[142],"(NYISO).":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
