{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022424865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","title":"An Analysis of Post Attack Impacts and Effects of Learning Parameters on Vulnerability Assessment of Power Grid","display_name":"An Analysis of Post Attack Impacts and Effects of Learning Parameters on Vulnerability Assessment of Power Grid","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022424865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","mag":"3022424865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101946720","display_name":"Shuva Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-4152"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuva Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Brookings, SD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Brookings, SD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075006150","display_name":"Zhen Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-4726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["DDepartment of Comp., Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DDepartment of Comp., Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci., Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032738351","display_name":"Fei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2500-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297288678","display_name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","ror":"https://ror.org/036266993","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2800842121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297288678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80734892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.8869045972824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7160908579826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6646055579185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5768346190452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5621605515480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5392635464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5245309472084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5194789171218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5117588043212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.504438042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49176815152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42469483613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35742753744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3458632826805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3448061943054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20530304312705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.198674738407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18273764848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1341727375984192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.8869045972824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7160908579826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6646055579185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5768346190452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5621605515480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5392635464668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5245309472084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5194789171218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5117588043212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.504438042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49176815152168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42469483613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35742753744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3458632826805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3448061943054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20530304312705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.198674738407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18273764848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1341727375984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2175357651","https://openalex.org/W2346757583","https://openalex.org/W2566886665","https://openalex.org/W2613660571","https://openalex.org/W2733765803","https://openalex.org/W2736953801","https://openalex.org/W2775019180","https://openalex.org/W2785721600","https://openalex.org/W2786551456","https://openalex.org/W2793157084","https://openalex.org/W2816293441","https://openalex.org/W2888649826","https://openalex.org/W2889557246","https://openalex.org/W2889808208","https://openalex.org/W2896263330","https://openalex.org/W2906478736","https://openalex.org/W2908643158","https://openalex.org/W3104270795","https://openalex.org/W6749470980","https://openalex.org/W6754230774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541651390","https://openalex.org/W2362501786","https://openalex.org/W2369265009","https://openalex.org/W2056229749","https://openalex.org/W1563793854","https://openalex.org/W1970209698","https://openalex.org/W2393075332","https://openalex.org/W3008116324","https://openalex.org/W645569327","https://openalex.org/W2393240891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,9,28,53],"the":[2,13,17,30,43,55,59,74,77,87,95,108,113,121,126,130,158,161,165,172,175,181],"increasing":[3],"number":[4],"of":[5,39,49,58,76,89,94,99,129,160,174],"heterogeneous":[6],"devices":[7],"connected":[8],"electric":[10,79],"power":[11,31,80,186],"grid,":[12],"attack":[14,96,123,177],"surface":[15],"increases":[16],"threat":[18],"actors.":[19],"Game":[20],"theory":[21],"and":[22,51,82,92,140,151],"machine":[23],"learning":[24,115,166],"are":[25,146],"being":[26],"used":[27],"study":[29,86],"system":[32,109],"failures":[33],"caused":[34],"by":[35,132,179],"external":[36],"manipulation.":[37],"Most":[38],"existing":[40],"works":[41],"in":[42,184],"literature":[44],"focus":[45,66],"on":[46,67,107,112,148],"one-shot":[47],"process":[48],"attacks":[50],"fail":[52],"show":[54,157],"dynamic":[56],"evolution":[57],"defense":[60,162],"strategy.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"an":[68],"adversarial":[69],"multistage":[70],"sequential":[71],"game":[72],"between":[73],"adversaries":[75],"smart":[78],"transmission":[81,134],"distribution":[83],"system.":[84,187],"We":[85,117],"impact":[88],"exploration":[90],"rate":[91],"convergence":[93],"strategies":[97],"(sequences":[98],"action":[100],"that":[101],"creates":[102],"large":[103],"scale":[104],"blackout":[105],"based":[106,111],"capacity)":[110],"reinforcement":[114],"approach.":[116],"also":[118,170],"illustrate":[119],"how":[120],"learned":[122,176],"actions":[124,178],"disrupt":[125],"normal":[127],"operation":[128],"grid":[131],"creating":[133],"line":[135],"outages,":[136],"bus":[137,153],"voltage":[138],"violations,":[139],"generation":[141],"loss.":[142],"This":[143],"simulation":[144],"studies":[145],"conducted":[147],"IEEE":[149],"9":[150],"39":[152],"systems.":[154],"The":[155,168],"results":[156,169],"improvement":[159],"strategy":[163],"through":[164],"process.":[167],"prove":[171],"feasibility":[173],"replicating":[180],"disturbances":[182],"created":[183],"simulated":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
