{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1553013994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","title":"Bidding strategy in energy and spinning reserve markets for aluminum smelters' demand response","display_name":"Bidding strategy in energy and spinning reserve markets for aluminum smelters' demand response","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1553013994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","mag":"1553013994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320890","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-3154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029570783","display_name":"Gabriela Hug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Hug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminium-smelting","display_name":"Aluminium smelting","score":0.8822683095932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.7780947685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6501692533493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smelting","display_name":"Smelting","score":0.6050269603729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.5275323390960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.501194953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4997901916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4915705621242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-programming","display_name":"Stochastic programming","score":0.4311858117580414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4293188452720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3654053807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.34705761075019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.29150354862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.22217294573783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18897268176078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.10439720749855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10297408699989319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147401138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3090234","display_name":"Aluminium smelting","level":3,"score":0.8822683095932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.7780947685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6501692533493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157247726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748405","display_name":"Smelting","level":2,"score":0.6050269603729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.5275323390960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.501194953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4997901916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4915705621242523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.4311858117580414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4293188452720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3654053807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.34705761075019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29150354862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.22217294573783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18897268176078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.10439720749855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10297408699989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.703.2512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.703.2512","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eeh.ee.ethz.ch/uploads/tx_ethpublications/2015_ISGT_Zhang_Hug.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965319010","https://openalex.org/W1982543215","https://openalex.org/W1991201776","https://openalex.org/W2010571098","https://openalex.org/W2017973656","https://openalex.org/W2021191095","https://openalex.org/W2023042072","https://openalex.org/W2029704152","https://openalex.org/W2038786991","https://openalex.org/W2039652300","https://openalex.org/W2045946549","https://openalex.org/W2054127922","https://openalex.org/W2072683963","https://openalex.org/W2076498178","https://openalex.org/W2097392150","https://openalex.org/W2099253399","https://openalex.org/W2106360563","https://openalex.org/W2115230253","https://openalex.org/W2122318643","https://openalex.org/W2165046071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319663706","https://openalex.org/W2790857111","https://openalex.org/W2770191945","https://openalex.org/W2577531018","https://openalex.org/W2800756770","https://openalex.org/W3080225160","https://openalex.org/W2786402292","https://openalex.org/W2948041165","https://openalex.org/W1553013994","https://openalex.org/W3165440636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aluminum":[0],"smelting":[1,32],"is":[2,8,34,121],"an":[3,57,116],"energy-intensive":[4],"electrolytic":[5],"process":[6,33],"that":[7],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,36,67,82],"produce":[12],"aluminum.":[13],"The":[14,119],"electricity":[15,76,94],"cost":[16],"thereby":[17],"constitutes":[18],"a":[19],"significant":[20],"portion":[21],"of":[22,140],"the":[23,28,31,47,53,62,65,75,78,83,92,103,108,128,132,138,141,147],"total":[24],"operation":[25],"cost.":[26,95],"At":[27],"same":[29],"time,":[30],"able":[35],"change":[37],"its":[38],"power":[39,84],"consumption":[40],"both":[41,61],"accurately":[42],"and":[43,64,87,111,143],"quickly":[44],"by":[45],"controlling":[46],"pots'":[48],"DC":[49],"voltage,":[50],"without":[51],"affecting":[52],"production":[54],"quality.":[55],"Hence,":[56],"aluminum":[58,117],"smelter":[59,79],"has":[60],"motivation":[63],"ability":[66],"participate":[68],"in":[69,107,126],"demand-side":[70,148],"management.":[71],"By":[72],"bidding":[73,105],"into":[74,146],"market,":[77],"provides":[80],"flexibility":[81],"system":[85],"operator":[86],"gets":[88],"compensation":[89],"which":[90,127],"reduces":[91],"overall":[93],"In":[96],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"focus":[100],"on":[101,123],"determining":[102],"optimal":[104],"strategy":[106],"day-ahead":[109],"energy":[110],"spinning":[112],"reserve":[113],"markets":[114],"for":[115,150],"smelter.":[118],"approach":[120,142],"based":[122],"stochastic":[124,133],"programming":[125],"market":[129],"prices":[130],"are":[131],"variables.":[134],"Case":[135],"studies":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"effectiveness":[139],"provide":[144],"insights":[145],"management":[149],"industrial":[151],"plants.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}