{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1594138298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","title":"Power grid adequacy evaluation involving substation cybersecurity issues","display_name":"Power grid adequacy evaluation involving substation cybersecurity issues","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1594138298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","mag":"1594138298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086651883","display_name":"Yingmeng Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-1027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingmeng Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629699","display_name":"Lingfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-9860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444199","display_name":"Yichi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-8629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA","Dept of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science The University of Toledo Toledo, OH 43606, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science The University of Toledo Toledo, OH 43606, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086651883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62741533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6957451701164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6899416446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672360897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6366268992424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6361507177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5608853101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5009491443634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.46066680550575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.45737338066101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4367433190345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22040307521820068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6957451701164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6899416446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672360897064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6366268992424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6361507177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5608853101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5009491443634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.46066680550575256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.45737338066101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4367433190345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22040307521820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2015.7131815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486460655","https://openalex.org/W1561981262","https://openalex.org/W1592657892","https://openalex.org/W1972309850","https://openalex.org/W1979422064","https://openalex.org/W1986093326","https://openalex.org/W1998461012","https://openalex.org/W2009498872","https://openalex.org/W2016380852","https://openalex.org/W2020786402","https://openalex.org/W2024163392","https://openalex.org/W2041830596","https://openalex.org/W2115627802","https://openalex.org/W2153483893","https://openalex.org/W3027482364","https://openalex.org/W4234411441","https://openalex.org/W6633702464","https://openalex.org/W7048572613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004173571","https://openalex.org/W2209816623","https://openalex.org/W1987127708","https://openalex.org/W3017360834","https://openalex.org/W3135700974","https://openalex.org/W4313307484","https://openalex.org/W2086962923","https://openalex.org/W3094048663","https://openalex.org/W2546638913","https://openalex.org/W2108376122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"power":[1,22,68,134],"systems":[2],"heavily":[3],"rely":[4],"on":[5,84,96],"the":[6,20,26,39,56,73,91,113,125,130],"associated":[7],"cyber":[8,44,74],"network,":[9],"so":[10],"it":[11],"is":[12,35,78,103],"crucial":[13],"to":[14,18,37,54,111,123],"develop":[15],"novel":[16,65],"methods":[17],"evaluate":[19],"overall":[21,114],"system":[23,69,97,115],"adequacy":[24,70,98],"considering":[25],"substation":[27],"cybersecurity":[28,131],"issues.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"study,":[32],"human":[33],"dynamic":[34],"applied":[36],"simulate":[38],"temporal":[40],"behavior":[41],"pattern":[42],"of":[43,93,132],"attackers.":[45],"The":[46],"Markov":[47],"game":[48,51],"and":[49,75,90,117],"static":[50],"are":[52,81,99],"utilized":[53],"model":[55],"intelligent":[57],"attack/defense":[58],"behaviors":[59],"in":[60],"different":[61],"attack":[62],"scenarios.":[63],"A":[64],"framework":[66],"for":[67,128],"assessment":[71],"incorporating":[72],"physical":[76],"failures":[77],"proposed.":[79],"Simulations":[80],"conducted":[82],"based":[83],"a":[85],"representative":[86],"reliability":[87],"test":[88],"system,":[89],"influences":[92],"critical":[94],"parameters":[95],"carefully":[100],"examined.":[101],"It":[102],"concluded":[104],"that":[105],"effective":[106],"measures":[107],"should":[108,120],"be":[109,121],"implemented":[110],"ensure":[112],"adequacy,":[116],"informed":[118],"decisions":[119],"made":[122],"allocate":[124],"limited":[126],"resources":[127],"enhancing":[129],"cyber-physical":[133],"grids.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
