{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023173865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","title":"Renewable Energy Sources microgrid design for rural area in South Africa","display_name":"Renewable Energy Sources microgrid design for rural area in South Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023173865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","mag":"2023173865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISGT 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055990328","display_name":"Omowunmi Mary Longe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"O. M. Longe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108044434","display_name":"Khmaies Ouahada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-5629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Ouahada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017598575","display_name":"H.C. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. C. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110040663","display_name":"Suvendi Chinnappen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Chinnappen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055990328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86525505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9609036445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-electrification","display_name":"Rural electrification","score":0.7862451076507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7705156803131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.6983019113540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6473657488822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5595486164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.5079191327095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-area","display_name":"Rural area","score":0.43952837586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3696307837963104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33141595125198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3188881278038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3169978857040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19694188237190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16702339053153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10268643498420715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9609036445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3587607","display_name":"Rural electrification","level":4,"score":0.7862451076507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7705156803131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.6983019113540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6473657488822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5595486164093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5079191327095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.43952837586402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3696307837963104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33141595125198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3188881278038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3169978857040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19694188237190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16702339053153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10268643498420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2014.6816378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISGT 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589695889","https://openalex.org/W2150272468","https://openalex.org/W2204115561","https://openalex.org/W3123479721","https://openalex.org/W6635291712","https://openalex.org/W6788862122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515358357","https://openalex.org/W1997940747","https://openalex.org/W2223905614","https://openalex.org/W2073617907","https://openalex.org/W1991679852","https://openalex.org/W2272037800","https://openalex.org/W3124472401","https://openalex.org/W3016137829","https://openalex.org/W2734405760","https://openalex.org/W2739954191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximately":[0],"1.4":[1],"billion":[2],"people":[3],"around":[4],"the":[5,38,43,60,76,82,103,108,148,165],"world":[6],"lack":[7,29],"access":[8,30,184],"to":[9,31,70,79,127,182],"electricity,":[10,115,132],"of":[11,26,49,62,114,130,160,188],"which":[12],"85%":[13],"are":[14],"rural":[15,27],"dwellers,":[16],"mostly":[17],"living":[18],"in":[19,42,88,185],"Sub-Saharan":[20],"Africa.":[21],"In":[22],"South":[23],"Africa,":[24],"55%":[25],"dwellers":[28],"electricity.":[32],"The":[33,151],"Umhlabuyalingana":[34,189],"Local":[35],"Municipality":[36],"is":[37,52,102,176],"least":[39],"electrified":[40],"municipality":[41,191],"country":[44],"with":[45,99],"an":[46],"electrification":[47],"rate":[48],"20%.":[50],"It":[51,91],"therefore":[53],"taken":[54],"as":[55,178],"a":[56,63,95,154,179],"case":[57],"study,":[58],"investigating":[59],"implementation":[61],"Renewable":[64],"Energy":[65],"Sources":[66],"(RES)":[67],"microgrid":[68,105,110,152,174],"compared":[69,126],"grid":[71,131,141,193],"extension.":[72,194],"HOMER":[73],"software":[74],"was":[75,92],"tool":[77],"used":[78],"carry":[80],"out":[81],"simulation,":[83],"optimization":[84],"and":[85,143],"sensitivity":[86],"analyses":[87],"this":[89],"research.":[90],"discovered":[93],"that":[94],"Photo":[96],"Voltaic":[97],"(PV)":[98],"Battery":[100],"system":[101],"optimal":[104],"combination":[106],"for":[107,171],"proposed":[109,177],"yielding":[111],"$0.378/kWh":[112],"cost":[113,129],"0":[116],"kg/person":[117,134],"CO":[118,135],"<sub":[119,136],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[120,137],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[121,138],"emission,":[122],"100%":[123],"renewable":[124,145],"penetration":[125,146],"$0.328/kWh":[128],"8.9":[133],"emission":[139],"from":[140,147],"extension":[142],"0%":[144],"national":[149],"grid.":[150],"had":[153],"standalone":[155],"breakeven":[156],"Electric":[157],"Distance":[158],"Limit":[159],"34":[161],"km":[162,167],"less":[163],"than":[164,192],"150":[166],"transmission":[168],"powerline":[169],"required":[170],"uMhlabuyalingana.":[172],"This":[173],"design":[175],"better":[180],"solution":[181],"electricity":[183],"unelectrified":[186],"areas":[187],"local":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
