{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094700748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","title":"Technology readiness and the smart grid","display_name":"Technology readiness and the smart grid","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094700748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","mag":"2094700748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054467548","display_name":"Harold Kirkham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-7586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harold Kirkham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratories Richland WA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratories Richland WA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070117913","display_name":"Cristina Marinovici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3973-6579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Marinovici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratories Richland WA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratories Richland WA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87478471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9279000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallels","display_name":"Parallels","score":0.8622471690177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6771392822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.671056866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5459002256393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5329931974411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5116356015205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.47080931067466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-computing","display_name":"Grid computing","score":0.47028377652168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25738632678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12497967481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08910873532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.07340100407600403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.8622471690177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6771392822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.671056866645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5459002256393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5329931974411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5116356015205383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.47080931067466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.47028377652168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25738632678985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12497967481613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08910873532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.07340100407600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2013.6497804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2230012592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1824707887","https://openalex.org/W2068583628","https://openalex.org/W169905258","https://openalex.org/W2013271762","https://openalex.org/W1570043218","https://openalex.org/W3146449452","https://openalex.org/W2162684709","https://openalex.org/W2147457882","https://openalex.org/W2115770466","https://openalex.org/W2111726532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technology":[0],"Readiness":[1],"Levels":[2],"(TRLs)":[3],"originated":[4],"as":[5,32],"a":[6,80,85,113,121],"way":[7],"for":[8,24,55,79,93,110,123],"the":[9,18,35,47,56,91,99,102,107,125,129],"National":[10],"Aeronautics":[11],"and":[12,67,115,135],"Space":[13],"Administration":[14],"(NASA)":[15],"to":[16,51,69],"monitor":[17],"development":[19],"of":[20,34,39,49,104,106],"systems":[21,52],"being":[22,53],"readied":[23,54],"space.":[25],"The":[26],"technique":[27],"has":[28],"found":[29],"wide":[30],"application":[31],"part":[33],"more":[36],"general":[37],"topic":[38],"system":[40],"engineering.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,73],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,116],"consider":[46,98],"applicability":[48],"TRLs":[50,76],"smart":[57,94],"grid.":[58],"We":[59,97],"find":[60,117],"that":[61,118],"there":[62,119],"are":[63,139],"many":[64,126],"useful":[65],"parallels,":[66],"much":[68],"be":[70],"gained":[71],"by":[72],"application.":[74],"However,":[75],"were":[77],"designed":[78],"developer":[81],"who":[82],"was":[83],"also":[84],"user.":[86],"That":[87,131],"is":[88,120,133],"not":[89],"usually":[90],"case":[92],"grid":[95],"developments.":[96],"matter":[100],"from":[101],"point":[103],"view":[105],"company":[108],"responsible":[109],"implementation,":[111],"typically":[112],"utility,":[114],"need":[122],"connecting":[124],"standards":[127],"in":[128],"industry.":[130],"connection":[132],"explored,":[134],"some":[136],"new":[137],"considerations":[138],"introduced.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}