{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099409501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","title":"An empirical study of factors that affect user performance when using UML interaction diagrams","display_name":"An empirical study of factors that affect user performance when using UML interaction diagrams","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099409501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","mag":"2099409501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021353107","display_name":"J. Swan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Swan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Herfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Herfordshire, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040148693","display_name":"Trevor Barker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-2180"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Barker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Herfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Herfordshire, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113063854","display_name":"C. Britton","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Britton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Herfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Herfordshire, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021050627","display_name":"Maria Kutar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kutar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sanford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sanford, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89846682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"git cc 94 14","issue":null,"first_page":"334","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6891789436340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.56535404920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5499321222305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5420265197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.5233070850372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5052171349525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-diagram","display_name":"Activity diagram","score":0.48920178413391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-diagram","display_name":"Communication diagram","score":0.4815802574157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram","display_name":"Diagram","score":0.46931907534599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.41104045510292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/use-case-diagram","display_name":"Use Case Diagram","score":0.4108336269855499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3208238184452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2129846215248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2030741572380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18677783012390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14402875304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12223848700523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1194184422492981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6891789436340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.56535404920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5499321222305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5420265197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.5233070850372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5052171349525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64219723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423262","display_name":"Activity diagram","level":4,"score":0.48920178413391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48419115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950859","display_name":"Communication diagram","level":5,"score":0.4815802574157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.46931907534599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41104045510292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161756209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613423","display_name":"Use Case Diagram","level":5,"score":0.4108336269855499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3208238184452057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2129846215248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2030741572380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18677783012390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14402875304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12223848700523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1194184422492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isese.2005.1541843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/6729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/6729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118678318","https://openalex.org/W181692423","https://openalex.org/W1246481902","https://openalex.org/W1501067615","https://openalex.org/W1502938161","https://openalex.org/W1517263911","https://openalex.org/W1557975086","https://openalex.org/W1564176679","https://openalex.org/W1944652335","https://openalex.org/W1968031351","https://openalex.org/W2004526429","https://openalex.org/W2067502478","https://openalex.org/W2089438716","https://openalex.org/W2099293367","https://openalex.org/W2124623821","https://openalex.org/W2131824369","https://openalex.org/W2132586773","https://openalex.org/W2137177640","https://openalex.org/W2139907081","https://openalex.org/W2152309982","https://openalex.org/W2617043512","https://openalex.org/W2745156229","https://openalex.org/W2913758505","https://openalex.org/W2986348978","https://openalex.org/W6604803221","https://openalex.org/W6628252718","https://openalex.org/W6680034739","https://openalex.org/W6759080658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090430358","https://openalex.org/W2771210094","https://openalex.org/W2914561978","https://openalex.org/W2354107069","https://openalex.org/W2266330555","https://openalex.org/W2370629025","https://openalex.org/W2379755045","https://openalex.org/W2035181455","https://openalex.org/W2188012963","https://openalex.org/W3093128559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,68,74,94,118,122,127],"requirements":[2],"process":[3],"it":[4,23],"is":[5,24],"of":[6,129,133],"key":[7],"importance":[8],"that":[9,28],"all":[10],"representations":[11,30],"used":[12,125],"are":[13,31],"clearly":[14],"understood":[15],"by":[16,80],"those":[17,29],"who":[18],"must":[19],"use":[20],"them.":[21],"Therefore":[22],"essential":[25],"to":[26,44,50,116],"ensure":[27],"presented":[32],"as":[33,35,82,126],"effectively":[34],"possible.":[36],"The":[37,89],"research":[38,79],"reported":[39],"in":[40,67,85,93],"this":[41],"paper":[42],"relates":[43],"an":[45],"empirical":[46],"study":[47,95],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"investigate":[51],"factors":[52],"which":[53],"might":[54],"affect":[55],"user":[56,99],"performance":[57],"when":[58],"using":[59],"UML":[60],"interaction":[61,87],"diagrams.":[62,88],"Several":[63],"variables":[64,91],"were":[65,71,96],"investigated":[66,92],"study;":[69],"these":[70],"identified":[72],"from":[73],"related":[75],"literature":[76],"and":[77,101,111,145],"earlier":[78],"us":[81],"being":[83],"important":[84],"understanding":[86],"independent":[90],"diagram":[97,142],"type,":[98,143],"pre-test":[100],"post-test":[102],"preference,":[103,144],"individual's":[104],"cognitive":[105],"style,":[106],"text":[107],"direction,":[108],"scenario":[109,146],"type":[110,147],"question":[112],"type.":[113],"Time":[114],"taken":[115],"formulate":[117],"correct":[119],"answer":[120],"was":[121],"dependent":[123],"variable":[124],"measure":[128],"performance.":[130],"Statistical":[131],"analysis":[132],"data":[134],"showed":[135],"significant":[136],"differences":[137],"for":[138],"several":[139],"variables,":[140],"including":[141],"(p<0.05).":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
