{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070852568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","title":"Single-sided approach to discriminative PLDA training for text-independent speaker verification without using expanded i-vector","display_name":"Single-sided approach to discriminative PLDA training for text-independent speaker verification without using expanded i-vector","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070852568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","mag":"2070852568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 9th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081309033","display_name":"Ikuya Hirano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikuya Hirano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Japan","Shizuoka Univ.,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka Univ.,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004287909","display_name":"Kong Aik Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9133-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["JP","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kong Aik Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shizuoka University, Japan","Institute for Infocomm Research, A-star, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A-star, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083198820","display_name":"Zhaofeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-7507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119806805","display_name":"Nagaoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rcadd38","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119806805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119806805","https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050763764","display_name":"Longbiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4005-5036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119806805","display_name":"Nagaoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rcadd38","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119806805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longbiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119806805","https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071123569","display_name":"Atsuhiko Kai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119806805","display_name":"Nagaoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rcadd38","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119806805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsuhiko Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan","Shizuoka Univ.,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119806805","https://openalex.org/I85922643"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shizuoka Univ.,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2007","issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8865143060684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8596365451812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764714241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.6821869611740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.6497800350189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.6228227615356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6183034181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5990431308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5530784130096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5076953172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.504501461982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4835105240345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4360349476337433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.4131201207637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1265866756439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.060776472091674805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8865143060684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8596365451812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764714241027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.6821869611740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.6497800350189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6228227615356445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6183034181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5990431308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5530784130096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5076953172683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.504501461982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4835105240345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4360349476337433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.4131201207637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1265866756439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.060776472091674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscslp.2014.6936581","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 9th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2592626567","display_name":"Advanced indexing based on spoken document retrieval and its feedback","funder_award_id":"25330128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36105149","https://openalex.org/W114428419","https://openalex.org/W205402702","https://openalex.org/W1536816303","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W1967429593","https://openalex.org/W1982846521","https://openalex.org/W1989163463","https://openalex.org/W2002311796","https://openalex.org/W2003200396","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2108712612","https://openalex.org/W2121812409","https://openalex.org/W2123768812","https://openalex.org/W2129191766","https://openalex.org/W2136879537","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2147147599","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2154278880","https://openalex.org/W2155047054","https://openalex.org/W2165966284","https://openalex.org/W2166772024","https://openalex.org/W2170091909","https://openalex.org/W2218705109","https://openalex.org/W2395582662","https://openalex.org/W2402919203","https://openalex.org/W2407252160","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W6604614750","https://openalex.org/W6635268374","https://openalex.org/W6681075490","https://openalex.org/W6711912575","https://openalex.org/W6713521420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118039276","https://openalex.org/W66821593","https://openalex.org/W2051274299","https://openalex.org/W1521299571","https://openalex.org/W468945283","https://openalex.org/W4235705411","https://openalex.org/W204267554","https://openalex.org/W2134501921","https://openalex.org/W4252590334","https://openalex.org/W2543777506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probabilistic":[0],"linear":[1],"discriminant":[2],"analysis":[3],"(PLDA)":[4],"has":[5,53],"shown":[6,54],"to":[7,55,79],"be":[8,56],"an":[9],"effective":[10],"model":[11,34],"for":[12,22,118],"disentangling":[13],"speaker":[14,24,27],"and":[15,28,72,98,120],"channel":[16,29],"variability":[17],"in":[18,31,58,68,106],"the":[19,32,40,63,81,86,101,107,115],"i-vector":[20],"space":[21],"text-independent":[23],"verification.":[25],"The":[26,83],"subspaces":[30],"PLDA":[33,45],"are":[35,49,75],"typically":[36],"trained":[37],"by":[38,114],"optimizing":[39],"maximum":[41],"likelihood":[42],"(ML)":[43],"criterion.":[44],"assumes":[46],"that":[47],"i-vectors":[48],"normally":[50],"distributed,":[51],"which":[52,69],"violated":[57],"practice.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"advocates":[62],"use":[64],"of":[65,85,100],"discriminative":[66],"training,":[67],"both":[70],"target":[71],"non-target":[73],"classes":[74],"taken":[76],"into":[77],"account":[78],"re-train":[80],"parameters.":[82],"efficacy":[84],"proposed":[87],"method":[88],"is":[89],"confirmed":[90],"via":[91],"experiments":[92],"conducted":[93,113],"on":[94],"common":[95],"condition":[96],"1":[97],"5":[99],"core":[102],"task":[103],"as":[104],"specified":[105],"Speaker":[108],"Recognition":[109],"Evaluations":[110],"(SREs)":[111],"2010":[112],"National":[116],"Institute":[117],"Standards":[119],"Technology":[121],"(NIST).":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}