{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208217973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","title":"Classification of PS and ABS Black Plastics for WEEE Recycling Applications","display_name":"Classification of PS and ABS Black Plastics for WEEE Recycling Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208217973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","mag":"3208217973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 8th International Conference on Soft Computing &amp; Machine Intelligence (ISCMI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047225705","display_name":"Anton Persson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anton Persson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050895122","display_name":"Niklas Dymne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Dymne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086684870","display_name":"Fernando Alonso\u2010Fernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Alonso-Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University,School of Information Technology (ITE),Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology (ITE), Halmstad University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047225705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50752581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"521","issue":null,"first_page":"219","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7476364374160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6137186884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6112552881240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene","display_name":"Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene","score":0.609505295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5216420292854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polystyrene","display_name":"Polystyrene","score":0.48586317896842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4365108609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4329821467399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.41397911310195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3694261610507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3564565181732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3383736312389374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.32716700434684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23439913988113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.18690085411071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.08797362446784973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7476364374160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6137186884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6112552881240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781431410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143496","display_name":"Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene","level":2,"score":0.609505295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5216420292854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777922577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146243","display_name":"Polystyrene","level":3,"score":0.48586317896842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4365108609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4329821467399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.41397911310195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3694261610507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3564565181732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3383736312389374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32716700434684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23439913988113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18690085411071777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08797362446784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscmi53840.2021.9654857","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 8th International Conference on Soft Computing &amp; Machine Intelligence (ISCMI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-45747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-45747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476215468","https://openalex.org/W1975652570","https://openalex.org/W1987845501","https://openalex.org/W2001389864","https://openalex.org/W2001412060","https://openalex.org/W2051924017","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2105231313","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137338246","https://openalex.org/W2157054480","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2739166259","https://openalex.org/W2750155784","https://openalex.org/W2902871558","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3126786421","https://openalex.org/W6628580396","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6756648604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002997916","https://openalex.org/W1993046795","https://openalex.org/W2112580024","https://openalex.org/W2046228768","https://openalex.org/W2255955832","https://openalex.org/W1985927990","https://openalex.org/W1990324091","https://openalex.org/W4220773096","https://openalex.org/W3150318489","https://openalex.org/W2002725389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pollution":[0],"and":[1,56,70,84,155],"climate":[2],"change":[3],"are":[4,62],"some":[5],"of":[6,41,51,90,119,138],"the":[7,52,108,112,120,125,131,136,173],"biggest":[8],"challenges":[9],"that":[10,36,111,128,150,166],"humanity":[11],"is":[12,20,30,115,124,148],"facing.":[13],"In":[14],"such":[15],"a":[16,21,25,34,77,87,93,104,152,161],"context,":[17],"efficient":[18],"recycling":[19],"crucial":[22],"tool":[23],"for":[24],"sustainable":[26],"future.":[27],"This":[28],"work":[29],"aimed":[31],"at":[32,107],"creating":[33],"system":[35,162],"can":[37],"classify":[38],"different":[39],"types":[40],"plastics":[42,50,65,141],"by":[43],"using":[44,142,172],"picture":[45],"analysis,":[46],"in":[47],"particular,":[48],"black":[49,140],"type":[53,114,127],"Polystyrene":[54],"(PS)":[55],"Acrylonitrile":[57],"Butadiene":[58],"Styrene":[59],"(ABS).":[60],"They":[61],"two":[63],"common":[64],"from":[66,68],"Waste":[67],"Electrical":[69],"Electronic":[71],"Equipment":[72],"(WEEE).":[73],"For":[74],"this":[75,134],"purpose,":[76],"Convolutional":[78],"Neural":[79],"Network":[80],"has":[81],"been":[82],"tested":[83],"retrained,":[85],"obtaining":[86],"validation":[88],"accuracy":[89,98],"95%.":[91],"Using":[92],"separate":[94],"test":[95],"set,":[96],"average":[97],"goes":[99],"down":[100],"to":[101],"86.6%,":[102],"but":[103],"further":[105],"look":[106],"results":[109],"shows":[110],"ABS":[113],"correctly":[116],"classified":[117],"100%":[118],"time,":[121],"so":[122],"it":[123],"PS":[126],"accumulates":[129],"all":[130],"errors.":[132],"Overall,":[133],"demonstrates":[135],"feasibility":[137],"classifying":[139],"CNN":[143],"machine":[144],"learning":[145],"techniques.":[146],"It":[147],"believed":[149],"if":[151],"more":[153],"diverse":[154],"extensive":[156],"image":[157],"dataset":[158],"becomes":[159],"available,":[160],"with":[163],"higher":[164],"reliability":[165],"generalizes":[167],"well":[168],"could":[169],"be":[170],"developed":[171],"proposed":[174],"methodology.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
