{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2058805429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","title":"Notice of Removal: Random data and key generation evaluation of some commercial tokens and smart cards","display_name":"Notice of Removal: Random data and key generation evaluation of some commercial tokens and smart cards","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2058805429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","mag":"2058805429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 11th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014262390","display_name":"Ahmad Boorghany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Boorghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068904826","display_name":"Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-2505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siavash Bayat Sarmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039193650","display_name":"Pamian Yousefi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamian Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048645193","display_name":"Pouneh Gorji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pouneh Gorji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073154692","display_name":"Rasool Jalili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasool Jalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data & Network Security Lab., Computer Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59999314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7723664045333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7065935134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6531692743301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.6529460549354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6283752918243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.6282285451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.5911088585853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.577305018901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.520522952079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-seed","display_name":"Random seed","score":0.45501673221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3920849561691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3627273440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3390582501888275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.213700532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16803088784217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07725682854652405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7723664045333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7065935134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6531692743301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.6529460549354553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6283752918243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.6282285451889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.5911088585853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.577305018901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.520522952079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26263659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886131","display_name":"Random seed","level":3,"score":0.45501673221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3920849561691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3627273440361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3390582501888275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.213700532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16803088784217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07725682854652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2014.6994021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 11th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.718.5816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.718.5816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ce.sharif.edu/%7Eboorghany/pubdown/tokenrand.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1751997554","https://openalex.org/W1857692135","https://openalex.org/W2077667328","https://openalex.org/W2085759780","https://openalex.org/W2114398364","https://openalex.org/W2134101189","https://openalex.org/W2911646439","https://openalex.org/W6638875984","https://openalex.org/W6677217071","https://openalex.org/W6679724985","https://openalex.org/W6758380626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3086652970","https://openalex.org/W2019742814","https://openalex.org/W1584110599","https://openalex.org/W2131123012","https://openalex.org/W2567005509","https://openalex.org/W2068428530","https://openalex.org/W2551314737","https://openalex.org/W4297985114","https://openalex.org/W2062045810","https://openalex.org/W2775374936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"report":[4],"our":[5],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,10,18,81,89],"the":[8,70,90],"strength":[9],"random":[11,102],"number":[12],"generator":[13,17],"and":[14,28,49,52,75],"RSA":[15,39],"key-pair":[16],"some":[19,97,117],"commercially":[20],"available":[21],"\u00b9":[22],"constrained":[23,46],"hardware":[24,92,114],"modules,":[25],"i.e.,":[26],"tokens":[27],"smart":[29,50],"cards.":[30],"That":[31],"was":[32],"motivated":[33],"after":[34],"recent":[35],"related":[36],"attacks":[37,63],"to":[38,55,59,106],"public":[40,73],"keys,":[41,74],"which":[42,104,123],"are":[43,64,124],"generated":[44],"by":[45,126],"network":[47],"devices":[48],"cards,":[51],"turned":[53],"out":[54],"be":[56,107],"insecure":[57],"due":[58],"low-quality":[60],"randomness.":[61],"Those":[62],"mostly":[65],"computing":[66],"pair-wise":[67],"GCD":[68],"between":[69],"moduli":[71,122],"in":[72,77,116],"resulted":[76],"breaking":[78],"several":[79],"thousands":[80],"these":[82],"keys.":[83],"Our":[84],"results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"most":[88],"tested":[91],"modules":[93],"behave":[94],"well.":[95],"However,":[96],"have":[98],"abnormal":[99],"or":[100],"weak":[101],"generators":[103],"seem":[105],"unsuitable":[108],"for":[109],"cryptographic":[110],"purposes.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"another":[113],"module,":[115],"rare":[118],"circumstances,":[119],"unexpectedly":[120],"generates":[121],"divisible":[125],"very":[127],"small":[128],"prime":[129],"factors.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}