{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1562996306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","title":"Fully hardwired illumination invariant face recognition engine and FPGA implementation","display_name":"Fully hardwired illumination invariant face recognition engine and FPGA implementation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1562996306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","mag":"1562996306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967329","display_name":"Hyuk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112531703","display_name":"Mi-Young Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035053770","display_name":"Youngseok Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngseok Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358165","display_name":"Seongmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-0641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013082844","display_name":"Bontae Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6255-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bontae Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318495","display_name":"Joohyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-1568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joohyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoC Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03134385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7761318683624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7551448345184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.7132020592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7055405378341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.6909864544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6488121747970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.6321932077407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5953714847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5663977861404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.563281774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.54869544506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5271201729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-like-features","display_name":"Haar-like features","score":0.5030671954154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.4559933841228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenface","display_name":"Eigenface","score":0.4441053867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accumulator","display_name":"Accumulator (cryptography)","score":0.4389350414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.43141692876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.42714983224868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.41963517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21446236968040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.19672295451164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14156964421272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12805384397506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10648524761199951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7761318683624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7551448345184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.7132020592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7055405378341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.6909864544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6488121747970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.6321932077407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5953714847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5663977861404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.563281774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.54869544506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5271201729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123134398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493819","display_name":"Haar-like features","level":5,"score":0.5030671954154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.4559933841228485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104906051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695","display_name":"Eigenface","level":4,"score":0.4441053867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2078106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906620","display_name":"Accumulator (cryptography)","level":2,"score":0.4389350414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43141692876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.42714983224868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41963517665863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21446236968040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.19672295451164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14156964421272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12805384397506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10648524761199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177816","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001955724","https://openalex.org/W2164914217","https://openalex.org/W2167573476","https://openalex.org/W2539966982","https://openalex.org/W3186812309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210671212","https://openalex.org/W3193323772","https://openalex.org/W978145669","https://openalex.org/W980171259","https://openalex.org/W3017611179","https://openalex.org/W4385451546","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2584467980","https://openalex.org/W4210896356","https://openalex.org/W3120810947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1,27,88],"system":[2,74,89],"plays":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,77],"many":[8],"applications":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"surveillance,":[12],"biometrics":[13],"and":[14,35,55,62],"security.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"we":[19],"present":[20],"a":[21,78],"FPGA":[22],"implementation":[23],"of":[24,30],"real-time":[25,98],"face":[26,31,54,70,87],"engine":[28],"consists":[29],"detection,":[32],"eye":[33,56],"detection":[34],"feature":[36],"extraction/verification":[37],"module.":[38],"We":[39],"apply":[40],"Self-Quotient":[41],"Image":[42],"(SQI)":[43],"to":[44],"reduce":[45],"illumination":[46],"effect.":[47],"Haar-AdaBoost":[48],"trained":[49],"classifiers":[50],"are":[51,67],"applied":[52],"for":[53,69,97],"detection.":[57],"Linear":[58],"Discriminant":[59],"Analysis":[60],"(LDA)":[61],"Discrete":[63],"Cosine":[64],"Transform":[65],"(DCT)":[66],"used":[68],"recognition.":[71],"The":[72],"complete":[73],"is":[75],"implemented":[76],"Xilinx":[79],"Virtex-7":[80],"device.":[81],"Experimental":[82],"result":[83],"shows":[84],"that":[85],"our":[86],"operates":[90],"over":[91],"30":[92],"fps":[93],"at":[94],"50MHz":[95],"frequency":[96],"applications.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}