{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123693033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285","title":"Optimizing Path Planning and VNF Allocation in 6G for Autonomous Vehicles: an Analysis of Rainbow-DQN Training Strategies","display_name":"Optimizing Path Planning and VNF Allocation in 6G for Autonomous Vehicles: an Analysis of Rainbow-DQN Training Strategies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123693033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122911713","display_name":"Carlos Ruiz-de-Mendoza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Ruiz-de-Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017511818","display_name":"Cristina Bueso Cervell\u00f3","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Cervell\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sebasti\u00e1 Sallent","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebasti\u00e1 Sallent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels,Department of Network Engineering,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53747811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.3506999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.3506999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.22759999334812164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.11140000075101852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.414900004863739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7339000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6309000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc65549.2025.11326285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032581747","https://openalex.org/W3158567365","https://openalex.org/W4200030537","https://openalex.org/W4283651311","https://openalex.org/W4285159140","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W4386474140","https://openalex.org/W4386485526","https://openalex.org/W4401478512"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"vehicular":[1],"edge":[2],"computing":[3],"networks":[4,10],"(VECNs)":[5],"integration":[6],"in":[7],"6":[8],"G":[9],"is":[11],"essential":[12],"for":[13],"low-latency":[14],"connected":[15],"autonomous":[16],"vehicle":[17],"(CAV)":[18],"services,":[19],"but":[20],"optimizing":[21],"path":[22],"planning":[23],"and":[24,58,72,82,89],"virtual":[25],"network":[26,87],"function":[27],"(VNF)":[28],"allocation":[29],"under":[30],"dynamic":[31],"conditions":[32],"remains":[33],"challenging.":[34],"Existing":[35],"methods":[36],"overlook":[37],"their":[38],"interdependence,":[39],"leading":[40],"to":[41],"suboptimal":[42],"outcomes.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"a":[47,53],"joint":[48],"optimization":[49],"framework,":[50],"modeled":[51],"as":[52],"Markov":[54],"decision":[55],"process":[56],"(MDP)":[57],"solved":[59],"using":[60],"Rainbow-deep":[61],"Q-Network":[62],"(DQN).":[63],"We":[64],"evaluate":[65],"three":[66],"training":[67],"strategies-Sequential,":[68],"Multi-agent-time-specific":[69],"with":[70],"network-load-prediction,":[71],"Federated":[73,76],"learning-finding":[74],"that":[75],"achieves":[77],"the":[78],"highest":[79],"success":[80],"rate":[81],"minimal":[83],"system":[84],"failures,":[85],"enhancing":[86],"utilization":[88],"service":[90],"continuity.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
