{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386207876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909","title":"Deep learning approach for Tunisian hate Speech detection on Facebook","display_name":"Deep learning approach for Tunisian hate Speech detection on Facebook","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386207876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025897596","display_name":"Mariem Abbes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariem Abbes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of sousse,Isitcom,Sousse,Tunisia","Isitcom, University of sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of sousse,Isitcom,Sousse,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Isitcom, University of sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018064043","display_name":"Zied Kechaou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159412","display_name":"Intelligent Machines (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nzk9q32","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["SE","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zied Kechaou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS),REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab),Sfax,Tunisia","University of Sfax, Higher Business School of Sfax (ESCS), Sfax, Tunisia","REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS),REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab),Sfax,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784","https://openalex.org/I4210159412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sfax, Higher Business School of Sfax (ESCS), Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053613060","display_name":"Adel M. Alimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159412","display_name":"Intelligent Machines (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nzk9q32","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["SE","TN","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel M. Alimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS),REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab),Sfax,Tunisia","REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia","Departement of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS),REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab),Sfax,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784","https://openalex.org/I4210159412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"REsearch Groups Intelligent Machines(REGIM-Lab), University of National En-gineering School of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025897596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784","https://openalex.org/I8636806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83646808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"739","last_page":"744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.9272640943527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.7296360731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6535800695419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6041261553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5863112211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5559480786323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5502920746803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.4992866516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4194839894771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.34921038150787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.3352711796760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33462363481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3116381764411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2614951729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2478199601173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2302524447441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.15746793150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15215057134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10623481869697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.09978300333023071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.9272640943527222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.7296360731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6535800695419312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6041261553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5863112211227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5559480786323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5502920746803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.4992866516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4194839894771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34921038150787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3352711796760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33462363481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3116381764411926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2614951729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2478199601173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2302524447441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.15746793150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15215057134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10623481869697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.09978300333023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc58397.2023.10217909","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143486767","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1571677538","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1940872118","https://openalex.org/W1976729492","https://openalex.org/W2003340660","https://openalex.org/W2017756407","https://openalex.org/W2030496845","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2142806146","https://openalex.org/W2556888587","https://openalex.org/W2557163007","https://openalex.org/W2789655955","https://openalex.org/W2808133401","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2977739081","https://openalex.org/W2996116632","https://openalex.org/W3003537538","https://openalex.org/W3008110149","https://openalex.org/W3014064185","https://openalex.org/W3033837724","https://openalex.org/W3087891130","https://openalex.org/W3088009796","https://openalex.org/W3154956759","https://openalex.org/W3205823471","https://openalex.org/W4381085560","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6773135019","https://openalex.org/W6782931813","https://openalex.org/W6783828820","https://openalex.org/W6802349213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W4385323698","https://openalex.org/W2385362579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,82],"have":[1],"witnessed":[2],"a":[3,32,66,86],"sharp":[4],"increase":[5],"in":[6,8],"violence":[7],"Tunisia":[9],"over":[10],"the":[11,95,126,131],"past":[12],"few":[13],"years.":[14],"Violence":[15],"affecting":[16],"households,":[17],"minorities,":[18],"political":[19],"parties,":[20],"and":[21,42,46,54,72,125],"public":[22],"figures":[23],"has":[24,35,119],"increased":[25],"more":[26],"widely":[27],"on":[28,75,89,122],"social":[29,77],"media.":[30],"As":[31],"result,":[33],"it":[34],"become":[36],"easier":[37],"for":[38,97],"extremist,":[39],"racist,":[40],"misogynistic,":[41],"offensive":[43,73],"articles,":[44],"posts,":[45],"comments":[47,113],"to":[48,58,69],"be":[49],"shared.":[50],"Today,":[51],"various":[52],"international":[53],"governmental":[55],"groups":[56],"vowed":[57],"fight":[59],"internet":[60],"hate":[61,102,137],"speech.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"deep-learning":[67],"solution":[68],"find":[70],"hateful":[71],"speech":[74,103],"Arabic":[76,136],"media":[78],"sites":[79],"like":[80],"Facebook.":[81,115],"introduce":[83],"two":[84],"models:":[85],"Bi-LSTM":[87],"based":[88],"an":[90,140],"attention":[91],"mechanism":[92],"with":[93,139],"integrating":[94],"BERT":[96],"Facebook":[98],"comment":[99],"classification":[100],"toward":[101],"detection.":[104],"For":[105],"this":[106],"task,":[107],"we":[108],"collected":[109],"2k":[110],"Tunisian":[111],"dialect":[112],"from":[114],"The":[116],"proposed":[117,132],"approach":[118],"been":[120],"evaluated":[121],"three":[123],"datasets,":[124],"obtained":[127],"results":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"that":[130],"models":[133],"can":[134],"improve":[135],"detection":[138],"accuracy":[141],"of":[142],"98.89%.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}