{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094253649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","title":"Reluplex made more practical: Leaky ReLU","display_name":"Reluplex made more practical: Leaky ReLU","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094253649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","mag":"3094253649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101405121","display_name":"Jin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-3728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040713616","display_name":"Zishan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zishan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081507644","display_name":"Bowen Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357896","display_name":"Miaomiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-0893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaomiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375018","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5347-8281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101405121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.9723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":381,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99406238,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.8013486862182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7379248142242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.6344209909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.587079644203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5267181992530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5026614665985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2368975579738617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.8013486862182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7379248142242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6344209909439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.587079644203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5267181992530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5026614665985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2368975579738617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1486132939","https://openalex.org/W1515175581","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W2008772536","https://openalex.org/W2028308254","https://openalex.org/W2127470768","https://openalex.org/W2149194912","https://openalex.org/W2154853422","https://openalex.org/W2165073069","https://openalex.org/W2543296129","https://openalex.org/W2594877703","https://openalex.org/W2613483771","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2883273084","https://openalex.org/W2896500468","https://openalex.org/W2963784236","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W3103148066","https://openalex.org/W4233077045","https://openalex.org/W4294349862","https://openalex.org/W4302519795","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6711870810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110577345","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2946235959","https://openalex.org/W2902935192","https://openalex.org/W3034021666","https://openalex.org/W2898900925","https://openalex.org/W3170224572","https://openalex.org/W4393036827","https://openalex.org/W3137729713","https://openalex.org/W2803957979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"Deep":[3],"Neural":[4],"Networks":[5],"(DNNs)":[6],"have":[7,13,23,30],"been":[8,14,32],"experiencing":[9],"rapid":[10],"development":[11],"and":[12,77,96],"widely":[15],"used":[16,65],"in":[17],"various":[18],"fields.":[19],"However,":[20],"while":[21],"DNNs":[22,55,68,111,135],"shown":[24],"strong":[25],"capabilities,":[26],"their":[27],"security":[28],"problems":[29],"gradually":[31],"exposed.":[33],"Therefore,":[34,118],"the":[35,46,49,52,121,128],"formal":[36],"guarantee":[37],"of":[38,48,54],"neural":[39],"network":[40],"output":[41],"is":[42,63,74,107,125],"needed.":[43],"Prior":[44],"to":[45,66,109],"appearance":[47],"Reluplex":[50,61,129],"algorithm,":[51,79,123],"verification":[53],"was":[56],"always":[57],"a":[58],"difficult":[59],"problem.":[60],"algorithm":[62,132],"specially":[64],"verify":[67,83,110,134],"with":[69],"ReLU":[70,87,98,115,139],"activation":[71,85,88,99,116,140],"function.":[72,117,141],"This":[73],"an":[75],"excellent":[76],"effective":[78],"but":[80],"it":[81,106],"cannot":[82],"more":[84],"functions.":[86],"function":[89,100],"will":[90],"bring":[91],"about":[92],"\"Dead":[93],"Neuron\"":[94],"problem,":[95,104],"Leaky":[97,114,138],"can":[101,133],"solve":[102],"this":[103],"so":[105],"necessary":[108],"based":[112,126,136],"on":[113,127,137],"we":[119],"propose":[120],"Leaky-Reluplex":[122,131],"which":[124],"algorithm.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}