{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003395041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","title":"Integrating Machine Learning with Off-the-Shelf Traffic Flow Features for HTTP/HTTPS Traffic Classification","display_name":"Integrating Machine Learning with Off-the-Shelf Traffic Flow Features for HTTP/HTTPS Traffic Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003395041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","mag":"3003395041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052870242","display_name":"Ali Safari Khatouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-6933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Safari Khatouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008462534","display_name":"A. Nur Zincir\u2010Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Zincir-Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052870242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86772097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.8611071109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79178786277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.6927999258041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.5916234850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5759614109992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5297020077705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4953731298446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4781416654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4776533842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46938011050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.46298304200172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4614623188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44689422845840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43166419863700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4088413715362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.3020031750202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1982916295528412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11994734406471252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.8611071109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79178786277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.6927999258041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.5916234850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5759614109992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5297020077705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4953731298446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4781416654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4776533842086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46938011050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.46298304200172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4614623188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44689422845840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43166419863700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4088413715362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.3020031750202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1982916295528412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11994734406471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc47284.2019.8969578","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496436819","https://openalex.org/W1930649250","https://openalex.org/W1964234701","https://openalex.org/W1977336324","https://openalex.org/W1999780609","https://openalex.org/W2009255782","https://openalex.org/W2055261595","https://openalex.org/W2071436263","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2101571537","https://openalex.org/W2109340235","https://openalex.org/W2122226347","https://openalex.org/W2137632784","https://openalex.org/W2188471597","https://openalex.org/W2190207511","https://openalex.org/W2281150297","https://openalex.org/W2296570230","https://openalex.org/W2298611638","https://openalex.org/W2331488455","https://openalex.org/W2343004508","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2469987047","https://openalex.org/W2554791272","https://openalex.org/W2570037242","https://openalex.org/W2588675103","https://openalex.org/W2768726319","https://openalex.org/W2775567843","https://openalex.org/W2778953328","https://openalex.org/W2902611302","https://openalex.org/W2907043832","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W3149996108","https://openalex.org/W4236506014","https://openalex.org/W4250101418","https://openalex.org/W4289305023","https://openalex.org/W4301866626","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6733861133","https://openalex.org/W6744538726","https://openalex.org/W6747573154","https://openalex.org/W6757943083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212842074","https://openalex.org/W4300427221","https://openalex.org/W1964234701","https://openalex.org/W2978828483","https://openalex.org/W3177145331","https://openalex.org/W4293901154","https://openalex.org/W4312767053","https://openalex.org/W1972721567","https://openalex.org/W4240584057","https://openalex.org/W2073520299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"traffic":[1,24,70,108,136,165,169],"classification":[2,25,166],"is":[3,175],"a":[4,84,145],"key":[5,85],"requirement":[6,86],"for":[7,56,69,87,101,148],"different":[8,57,153,178],"network":[9,88],"and":[10,19,59,73,89,106],"security":[11,90],"monitoring/planning":[12],"tools.":[13,92],"The":[14],"evolution":[15],"of":[16,35,52,143,162],"Internet":[17],"protocols":[18],"applications":[20,62],"has":[21],"caused":[22],"traditional":[23],"approaches":[26],"to":[27,177],"be":[28,119],"ineffective":[29],"in":[30,42,49,77,80,160],"certain":[31],"cases.":[32],"Key":[33],"causes":[34],"the":[36,40,43,47,50,129,133,141,172],"inaccuracy":[37],"include:":[38],"(i)":[39],"increase":[41],"encrypted":[44,102],"traffic;":[45],"(ii)":[46],"rise":[48],"usage":[51],"dynamic":[53],"port":[54],"numbers":[55],"applications;":[58],"(iii)":[60],"multiple":[61],"running":[63],"over":[64],"HTTP/HTTPS":[65],"protocols.":[66],"Traditional":[67],"solutions":[68],"analysis,":[71],"classification,":[72],"measurement":[74],"fall":[75],"short":[76],"providing":[78],"visibility":[79],"users'":[81],"activities":[82],"-":[83],"monitoring":[91],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"evaluate":[97,140],"an":[98],"automatic":[99],"classifier":[100],"Social":[103],"media,":[104],"Video":[105],"Audio":[107],"without":[109],"relying":[110],"on":[111,152,167],"particular":[112],"application":[113],"layer":[114],"header":[115],"fields":[116],"that":[117],"can":[118],"easily":[120],"modified.":[121],"We":[122,139],"leverage":[123],"machine":[124],"learning":[125],"algorithms":[126],"together":[127],"with":[128],"features":[130],"provided":[131],"by":[132],"well-known":[134],"off-the-shelf":[135],"flow":[137],"exporters.":[138],"performance":[142],"such":[144],"system":[146],"also":[147],"generalization":[149],"(robustness)":[150],"purposes":[151],"networks.":[154,179],"Experimental":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"promising":[158],"performances":[159],"terms":[161],"generating":[163],"robust":[164],"large":[168],"data":[170],"when":[171],"trained":[173],"model":[174],"moved":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}