{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018941690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","title":"Characterizing and analysis of the flattening Internet topology","display_name":"Characterizing and analysis of the flattening Internet topology","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018941690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","mag":"2018941690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026718681","display_name":"Zhengwei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Comput. Technol., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Comput. Technol., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102995513","display_name":"Jingping Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-4980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingping Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Inst. of Comput. Technol., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Comput. Technol., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026718681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64410314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"000219","last_page":"000225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.844512939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flattening","display_name":"Flattening","score":0.7837727665901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5837417840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-exchange-point","display_name":"Internet exchange point","score":0.573491096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5628455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5396689176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-topology","display_name":"Internet topology","score":0.48151692748069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4368308484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.41034501791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-transit","display_name":"Internet transit","score":0.3974776566028595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39371803402900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.3848453164100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3434215188026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2501978874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18618851900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.111032634973526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.844512939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19444555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212750","display_name":"Flattening","level":2,"score":0.7837727665901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5837417840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192030150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433061","display_name":"Internet exchange point","level":5,"score":0.573491096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5628455877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5396689176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99237066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092610","display_name":"Internet topology","level":3,"score":0.48151692748069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4368308484554291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.41034501791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174336149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3351533","display_name":"Internet transit","level":4,"score":0.3974776566028595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39371803402900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.3848453164100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3434215188026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2501978874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18618851900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.111032634973526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscc.2013.6754949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312726","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4085598","https://openalex.org/W1514211162","https://openalex.org/W1984353259","https://openalex.org/W1999507172","https://openalex.org/W2049645248","https://openalex.org/W2103117727","https://openalex.org/W2108673686","https://openalex.org/W2112678384","https://openalex.org/W2115884006","https://openalex.org/W2120514843","https://openalex.org/W2123649205","https://openalex.org/W2145582227","https://openalex.org/W2151972741","https://openalex.org/W2160565743","https://openalex.org/W2162266953","https://openalex.org/W2170888255","https://openalex.org/W2257732289","https://openalex.org/W2295430786","https://openalex.org/W4292414168","https://openalex.org/W4302094287","https://openalex.org/W6630934520","https://openalex.org/W6682458981","https://openalex.org/W6692677154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783213689","https://openalex.org/W2412603475","https://openalex.org/W1997980095","https://openalex.org/W2091988000","https://openalex.org/W2151447575","https://openalex.org/W2164890529","https://openalex.org/W2155331940","https://openalex.org/W2041497091","https://openalex.org/W2162656703","https://openalex.org/W3159494213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"significant":[1],"efforts":[2],"to":[3,65,97,116],"qualitatively":[4],"describe":[5],"the":[6,10,24,34,38,42,58,67,73,82,101,106,120,125,137,141,150,155],"flattening":[7,138],"trends":[8,22,36,139],"of":[9,20,26,37,48,76,108,129,140,149,157],"Internet":[11,39,59,151,159],"topology,":[12],"there":[13],"is":[14,60],"few":[15],"large-scale":[16],"quantitative":[17],"measurement":[18,133],"study":[19],"such":[21],"from":[23,51],"perspective":[25],"inter-domain":[27],"routing.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30,130],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,123],"analyze":[33],"evolutionary":[35],"hierarchy":[40],"and":[41,53,72,86,95,112,127,143,154],"interconnection":[43],"policies,":[44],"using":[45],"fifteen":[46],"years":[47],"historical":[49],"datasets":[50],"RouteViews":[52],"RIPE.":[54],"We":[55,79],"find":[56,87],"that":[57,88],"becoming":[61],"flatter":[62],"mainly":[63],"due":[64],"bypassing":[66],"Tier-1":[68],"ISPs":[69],"on":[70],"AS-paths":[71],"notable":[74],"increase":[75],"peer-to-peer":[77],"links.":[78],"also":[80],"examine":[81],"global":[83],"routing":[84],"infrastructure,":[85],"IXPs":[89],"are":[90],"increasing":[91],"rapidly":[92],"in":[93,119],"number":[94],"expand":[96],"broad":[98],"areas":[99],"around":[100],"world,":[102],"which":[103],"greatly":[104],"facilitates":[105],"expansion":[107],"major":[109],"content":[110,113],"providers":[111],"delivery":[114],"networks":[115],"most":[117],"regions":[118],"world.":[121],"Finally":[122],"discuss":[124],"impact":[126],"implication":[128],"trend.":[131],"Our":[132],"results":[134],"strongly":[135],"confirm":[136],"Internet,":[142],"will":[144],"help":[145],"advance":[146],"our":[147],"understanding":[148],"AS-level":[152],"ecosystem":[153],"design":[156],"future":[158],"architecture.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
