{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411725122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310","title":"Performance of Ring Oscillators for Cryogenic Electronics Integration from 4 to 200 K","display_name":"Performance of Ring Oscillators for Cryogenic Electronics Integration from 4 to 200 K","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411725122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052265435","display_name":"Conor Power","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-1803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conor Power","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051411312","display_name":"Mike Asker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Asker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007581748","display_name":"Dennis Andrade\u2010Miceli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Andrade-Miceli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030620401","display_name":"Dirk Leipold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-3007"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Leipold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085619326","display_name":"Imran Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-6920"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equal1 Labs,San Carlos,CA,USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001003834","display_name":"Elena Blokhina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-4350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Blokhina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.6520205140113831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.6145356297492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.49205702543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryogenics","display_name":"Cryogenics","score":0.45630118250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35520267486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.33603522181510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3344295918941498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3338448405265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31288811564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12641343474388123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6520205140113831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.6145356297492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49205702543258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179725390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192116","display_name":"Cryogenics","level":2,"score":0.45630118250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35520267486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.33603522181510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3344295918941498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3338448405265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31288811564445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12641343474388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11044310","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680202190","https://openalex.org/W2149483010","https://openalex.org/W2165613379","https://openalex.org/W2795812195","https://openalex.org/W2887188042","https://openalex.org/W2891246502","https://openalex.org/W3136178777","https://openalex.org/W3176021655","https://openalex.org/W3184465909","https://openalex.org/W3209965852","https://openalex.org/W4225742981","https://openalex.org/W4251843431","https://openalex.org/W4285147441","https://openalex.org/W4309156399","https://openalex.org/W4311301722","https://openalex.org/W4312420757","https://openalex.org/W4313019565","https://openalex.org/W4384080529","https://openalex.org/W4384080548","https://openalex.org/W4400275997","https://openalex.org/W4403883283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2487240277","https://openalex.org/W4210262480","https://openalex.org/W1978471113","https://openalex.org/W2505610287","https://openalex.org/W2060892772","https://openalex.org/W2494939243","https://openalex.org/W2048254936","https://openalex.org/W2491657357","https://openalex.org/W564271312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,53,106],"present":[4],"the":[5,59,72,115],"characterisation":[6,110],"of":[7,62,75,111],"ring":[8],"oscillator":[9],"(RO)":[10],"test":[11],"circuits":[12],"fabricated":[13,95],"in":[14,58,114],"GlobalFoundries\u2019":[15],"(GF)":[16],"22nm":[17],"fully":[18],"depleted":[19],"silicon-on-insulator":[20],"(FD-SOI)":[21],"process":[22],"and":[23,38,46,81,102,120],"operating":[24],"from":[25,64],"200":[26],"K":[27],"down":[28],"to":[29],"4":[30],"K.":[31],"We":[32],"investigate":[33],"ROs":[34,70,96],"using":[35,97],"NAND,":[36],"NOR,":[37],"inverter":[39],"standard":[40],"cell":[41],"libraries,":[42],"including":[43],"low,":[44],"regular,":[45],"high":[47],"threshold-voltage":[48],"versions.":[49],"Alongside":[50],"temperature":[51,119],"variations,":[52],"also":[54],"consider":[55],"a":[56,65,108],"change":[57],"power":[60],"supply":[61,121],"\u00b15%":[63],"nominal":[66],"0.8":[67],"V.":[68],"The":[69],"demonstrate":[71],"combined":[73],"effect":[74],"increased":[76,78],"mobility,":[77],"threshold":[79],"voltage,":[80],"leakage":[82],"current":[83],"processes":[84],"at":[85],"cryogenic":[86],"temperatures":[87],"on":[88],"their":[89,112],"operation.":[90],"By":[91],"averaging":[92],"over":[93,118],"81":[94],"three":[98],"different":[99,104],"delay":[100],"gates":[101],"2":[103],"flavours,":[105],"report":[107],"statistical":[109],"properties":[113],"FD-SOI":[116],"technology":[117],"voltage.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
