{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411727094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587","title":"An Efficient Hardware Implementation of Improved Plantard Mod-Multiplication for Lattice-Based Cryptography","display_name":"An Efficient Hardware Implementation of Improved Plantard Mod-Multiplication for Lattice-Based Cryptography","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411727094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042656524","display_name":"Mengxue Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengxue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668654","display_name":"Jiansheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-8478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048802810","display_name":"Bei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118664489","display_name":"Fei Lyv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Lyv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064498852","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-8791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011952918","display_name":"Yijun Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-2329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,School of Integrated Circuits,Nanjing,China,211106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042656524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96604332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6883348226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6745439171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-based-cryptography","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","score":0.5716120004653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mod","display_name":"Mod","score":0.5374724268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.47460025548934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.46817201375961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36954259872436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3398667871952057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20947489142417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16135337948799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.13694310188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10620787739753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07435405254364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07333990931510925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6883348226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6745439171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497083","display_name":"Lattice-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.5716120004653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29231244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865493","display_name":"Mod","level":2,"score":0.5374724268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.47460025548934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.46817201375961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36954259872436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3398667871952057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20947489142417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16135337948799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.13694310188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10620787739753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07435405254364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07333990931510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W1565956254","https://openalex.org/W2079219927","https://openalex.org/W2203293987","https://openalex.org/W2467320551","https://openalex.org/W2791664942","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2913851998","https://openalex.org/W3013093367","https://openalex.org/W3135053459","https://openalex.org/W3157961299","https://openalex.org/W3159034445","https://openalex.org/W3217272717","https://openalex.org/W4210722209","https://openalex.org/W4237773356","https://openalex.org/W4254706618","https://openalex.org/W4293143765","https://openalex.org/W4294326371","https://openalex.org/W4296842505","https://openalex.org/W4364859972","https://openalex.org/W4384947555","https://openalex.org/W4385237357","https://openalex.org/W4394842312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057797376","https://openalex.org/W2090319426","https://openalex.org/W2036954759","https://openalex.org/W2506252583","https://openalex.org/W4406620725","https://openalex.org/W2048249848","https://openalex.org/W2315723423","https://openalex.org/W1489923862","https://openalex.org/W2188587181","https://openalex.org/W2096221836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"modular":[1],"multiplication":[2,62],"(mod-multiplication)":[3],"algorithm":[4,26,49,102,132],"is":[5],"an":[6,45,78],"essential":[7],"operation":[8],"in":[9,53,136],"lattice-based":[10],"cryptography":[11],"(LBC)":[12],"that":[13],"utilizes":[14],"the":[15,28,34,51,66,71,83,90,104],"Number":[16],"Theoretical":[17],"Transform":[18],"(NTT)":[19],"for":[20,50,82,110,114,122,126],"polynomial":[21,36],"multiplication.":[22],"An":[23],"efficient":[24],"mod-multiplication":[25,86],"determines":[27],"computational":[29,140],"efficiency":[30,119],"and":[31,55,112,124,139],"performance":[32],"of":[33,106],"entire":[35],"multiplier/NTT":[37],"computation":[38],"unit.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"manuscript,":[42],"we":[43,76],"propose":[44],"improved":[46,84,100,130],"Plantard":[47,73,85,101,131],"modmultiplication":[48],"NTT":[52],"Kyber":[54,111,123],"Dilithium,":[56,115],"which":[57],"not":[58],"only":[59],"reduces":[60,103],"one":[61],"but":[63],"also":[64],"eliminates":[65],"post-processing":[67],"operations":[68],"compared":[69,95],"with":[70,96],"original":[72],"algorithm.":[74,87],"Additionally,":[75],"design":[77],"optimized":[79],"hardware":[80,118],"implementation":[81],"Based":[88],"on":[89],"Xilinx":[91],"Artix-7":[92],"platform,":[93],"when":[94],"state-of-the-art":[97],"designs,":[98],"our":[99,129],"number":[105],"slices":[107],"by":[108,120],"22.2%\u223c53.3%":[109],"18.4%\u223c35.4%":[113],"while":[116],"boosting":[117],"43.9%\u223c55.9%":[121],"33.7%\u223c54.4%":[125],"Dilithium.":[127],"Overall,":[128],"shows":[133],"significant":[134],"advantages":[135],"resource":[137],"consumption":[138],"speed.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}