{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411726884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564","title":"Design of a TRNG in 600-nm IGZO-TFT FlexICs for Secure IoT Applications","display_name":"Design of a TRNG in 600-nm IGZO-TFT FlexICs for Secure IoT Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411726884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092357715","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Cabacinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6161-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127031","display_name":"Uninova","ror":"https://ror.org/0373te416","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Cabacinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102798307","display_name":"Diogo Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-7459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diogo Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087621030","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Marcelino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5285-3898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Marcelino","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072982171","display_name":"Marco A. Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002345754","display_name":"Pedro Barquinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-2759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Barquinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CENIMAT | I3N,DCM,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035700004","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Go\u00eas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-8391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127031","display_name":"Uninova","ror":"https://ror.org/0373te416","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Goes","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070822530","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Casaleiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-0954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127031","display_name":"Uninova","ror":"https://ror.org/0373te416","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Casaleiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISEL CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEETC,Lisbon,Portugal,1959-007"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISEL CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEETC,Lisbon,Portugal,1959-007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037689471","display_name":"Lu\u00eds B. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-1775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127031","display_name":"Uninova","ror":"https://ror.org/0373te416","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Bica Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOVA FCT CTS-UNINOVA &amp; LASI,DEEC,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092357715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127031"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7420772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6679980158805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632705330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-transistor","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","score":0.4921075701713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34197232127189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.33463233709335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3028564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24864894151687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.16850081086158752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6679980158805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632705330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87359718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271916","display_name":"Thin-film transistor","level":3,"score":0.4921075701713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34197232127189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.33463233709335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3028564453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24864894151687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.16850081086158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644501417","https://openalex.org/W2610291885","https://openalex.org/W2954423127","https://openalex.org/W2969691719","https://openalex.org/W3039279398","https://openalex.org/W3100672499","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W4200055942","https://openalex.org/W4220802275","https://openalex.org/W4226024719","https://openalex.org/W4312081742","https://openalex.org/W4382536761","https://openalex.org/W4385212882","https://openalex.org/W4385310026","https://openalex.org/W4396918361","https://openalex.org/W4400943845","https://openalex.org/W4400976434","https://openalex.org/W4406264947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532740565","https://openalex.org/W2527471840","https://openalex.org/W2049246612","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W2271044277","https://openalex.org/W2321256480","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2749472015","https://openalex.org/W2024991754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,11,39,62,65,68],"demand":[2],"for":[3,13,139,147],"secure":[4],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,41,64,97,103,110,126,149],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"devices":[9],"increases,":[10],"need":[12],"hardware":[14,150],"security":[15,141,151],"solutions":[16],"has":[17],"become":[18],"more":[19],"critical,":[20],"particularly":[21],"in":[22,81,143,152],"applications":[23],"with":[24,54],"strict":[25],"power":[26],"and":[27,52,106,128,159],"area":[28,109],"constraints.":[29],"Thin-film":[30],"transistors":[31],"(TFTs)":[32],"are":[33],"an":[34,100,108],"emerging":[35],"technology,":[36],"that":[37],"enables":[38],"integration":[40,148],"complex":[42],"circuits":[43,89],"onto":[44],"thin,":[45],"flexible":[46,87,144],"substrates":[47],"offering":[48],"both":[49],"low-cost":[50],"manufacturing":[51],"compatibility":[53],"large-area":[55],"system":[56],"implementations.":[57],"This":[58,135],"paper,":[59],"presents,":[60],"to":[61],"best":[63],"authors\u2019":[66],"knowledge,":[67],"first":[69],"true":[70],"random":[71],"number":[72],"generator":[73],"(TRNG)":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76],"jittered":[77],"oscillator":[78],"sampling,":[79],"implemented":[80],"600":[82],"nm":[83],"Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide":[84],"(IGZO)":[85],"TFT":[86],"integrated":[88],"(FlexICs)":[90],"technology.The":[91],"proposed":[92],"TRNG":[93,116],"achieves":[94],"a":[95],"throughput":[96],"1.33":[98],"Mbits/s,":[99],"energy":[101],"consumption":[102],"4.68":[104],"nJ/bit,":[105],"occupies":[107],"0.920":[111],"mm<sup":[112],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[113],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[114],"The":[115],"showed":[117],"promising":[118],"results":[119],"by":[120],"passing":[121],"8":[122],"NIST":[123],"(National":[124],"Institute":[125],"Standards":[127],"Technology)":[129],"randomness":[130],"tests":[131],"under":[132],"nominal":[133],"conditions.":[134],"opens":[136],"new":[137],"opportunities":[138],"embedding":[140],"primitives":[142],"electronics,":[145,154],"allowing":[146],"wearable":[153],"biomedical":[155],"devices,":[156],"communication":[157],"tags":[158],"other":[160],"applications.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}