{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411725281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488","title":"Qubit-State Discrimination using Neural Networks with Rapid and Energy-Efficient Compute Arrays","display_name":"Qubit-State Discrimination using Neural Networks with Rapid and Energy-Efficient Compute Arrays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411725281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060107452","display_name":"Yuntian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019055130","display_name":"Yi Sheng Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sheng Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018871729","display_name":"Benjamin Lienhard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-4131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Lienhard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University,Department of Chemistry,Princeton,NJ,USA,08544"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University,Department of Chemistry,Princeton,NJ,USA,08544","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084771125","display_name":"Minghao Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036682724","display_name":"Vishnu P. Nambiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-5911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu P. Nambiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615706","display_name":"Anh Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-6818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh Tuan Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics (IME),Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,Republic of Singapore,138634","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060107452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08135077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6741989850997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.6153481602668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5766120553016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5302277207374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4696969985961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31216418743133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23308047652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13937783241271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.11018779873847961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08076730370521545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6741989850997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.6153481602668762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5766120553016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5302277207374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4696969985961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31216418743133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23308047652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13937783241271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.11018779873847961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08076730370521545}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060904747","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2890165800","https://openalex.org/W2891946740","https://openalex.org/W2896794277","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963893493","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3133392172","https://openalex.org/W3135441877","https://openalex.org/W4221155871","https://openalex.org/W4321610982","https://openalex.org/W4380875523","https://openalex.org/W4385333287","https://openalex.org/W6871002649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382281260","https://openalex.org/W4226092092","https://openalex.org/W4221143630","https://openalex.org/W4281983429","https://openalex.org/W4387075962","https://openalex.org/W3121558291","https://openalex.org/W2297609635","https://openalex.org/W4392599980","https://openalex.org/W3100352625","https://openalex.org/W2598440590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"(NNs)":[2],"implemented":[3],"on":[4],"field-programmable":[5],"gate":[6],"arrays":[7],"(FPGAs)":[8],"provide":[9],"fast,":[10],"high-fidelity":[11],"solutions":[12],"for":[13,32,44,116],"processing":[14],"readout":[15],"signals":[16],"from":[17],"quantum":[18],"information":[19],"processors.":[20],"However,":[21],"application-specific":[22],"integrated":[23],"circuits":[24],"(ASICs)":[25],"instead":[26],"of":[27],"FPGAs":[28],"hold":[29],"the":[30,50,59,91],"potential":[31],"improved":[33],"performance,":[34],"a":[35,80,113],"largely":[36],"unexplored":[37],"path.":[38],"This":[39],"work":[40],"proposes":[41],"specialized":[42],"hardware":[43],"NN-based":[45],"qubit-state":[46,118],"discrimination.":[47,119],"We":[48],"optimize":[49],"NN":[51,92,105],"architecture":[52],"to":[53,73,89],"minimize":[54],"resource":[55],"requirements":[56],"by":[57],"reducing":[58],"layer":[60],"width,":[61],"employing":[62,83],"linear":[63],"activation":[64],"functions,":[65],"and":[66,100],"weight":[67],"quantization.":[68],"Quantization-aware":[69],"training":[70],"is":[71,87],"used":[72],"preserve":[74],"accuracy":[75],"despite":[76],"these":[77],"optimizations.":[78],"Next,":[79],"compute":[81,95],"array":[82,96],"output":[84],"stationary":[85],"dataflow":[86],"chosen":[88],"process":[90],"workload.":[93],"The":[94],"with":[97],"abundant":[98],"multipliers":[99],"adders":[101],"can":[102],"complete":[103],"one":[104],"inference":[106],"in":[107],"63":[108],"ns,":[109],"which":[110],"makes":[111],"it":[112],"good":[114],"candidate":[115],"real-time":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
