{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411727421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418","title":"A Multiplier-Balanced and Area-Efficient Architecture for Low-Frequency Non-Separable Secondary Transform","display_name":"A Multiplier-Balanced and Area-Efficient Architecture for Low-Frequency Non-Separable Secondary Transform","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411727421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102644119","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-8862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859891","display_name":"Leilei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7342-5230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University,School of Integrated Circuits,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University,School of Integrated Circuits,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083179460","display_name":"Chenyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-5414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ChengKang Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ChengKang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106637889","display_name":"Bingjing Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2560-9721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingjing Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396913","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085004179","display_name":"Yibo Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102644119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210132426"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12629716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6291119456291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.6254874467849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.5714548230171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5057454109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.452445924282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4096773862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3486371636390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33698445558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20855548977851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.2000005841255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.14819413423538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14112690091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09288805723190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07150256633758545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6291119456291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6254874467849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.5714548230171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5057454109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.452445924282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4096773862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3486371636390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33698445558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20855548977851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2000005841255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.14819413423538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14112690091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09288805723190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07150256633758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas56072.2025.11043418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099061921","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2510945427","https://openalex.org/W2790569472","https://openalex.org/W2790638232","https://openalex.org/W2792384278","https://openalex.org/W2896105831","https://openalex.org/W2903591263","https://openalex.org/W2967556127","https://openalex.org/W2999228049","https://openalex.org/W3168057692","https://openalex.org/W3202918664","https://openalex.org/W3212894204","https://openalex.org/W4297984649","https://openalex.org/W4312903814","https://openalex.org/W4321484006","https://openalex.org/W4390660203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009525028","https://openalex.org/W4321064619","https://openalex.org/W2363719203","https://openalex.org/W4320025236","https://openalex.org/W4281295723","https://openalex.org/W1523933727","https://openalex.org/W4284697670","https://openalex.org/W2005821292","https://openalex.org/W2355563154","https://openalex.org/W2086299270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,116,155],"existing":[1],"hardware":[2],"architectures":[3],"for":[4,45],"Low-Frequency":[5],"Non-Separable":[6],"Secondary":[7],"Transform":[8],"(LFNST)":[9],"in":[10,104,128],"VVC":[11],"suffer":[12],"from":[13],"significant":[14],"resource":[15,114],"consumption":[16],"of":[17,24,58,88,102,144],"multipliers,":[18],"along":[19],"with":[20,36,81,150],"relatively":[21],"low":[22],"utilization":[23,39,70],"these":[25],"multipliers.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28,30],"context,":[29],"paper":[31],"proposes":[32],"a":[33,82,125],"core":[34,49,146],"unit":[35,50,147],"balanced":[37,68],"multiplier":[38,69,145],"and":[40,71,91],"an":[41],"area-efficient":[42],"overall":[43],"architecture":[44,157],"LFNST.":[46],"proposed":[48,95,122,138,156],"is":[51,108],"based":[52],"on":[53],"analyzing":[54],"the":[55,94,100,105,121,133,137,142],"average":[56],"number":[57,101],"effective":[59],"multiplications":[60],"per":[61],"sample":[62],"across":[63],"all":[64],"transform":[65],"units,":[66],"ensuring":[67],"avoiding":[72],"ineffective":[73],"multiplications.":[74],"Additionally,":[75],"general":[76],"multipliers":[77],"can":[78,140],"be":[79],"replaced":[80],"fused":[83,106],"circuit":[84,107],"that":[85,120],"consists":[86],"only":[87],"adders,":[89],"shifters,":[90],"multiplexers.":[92],"Through":[93],"coefficient":[96],"approximation":[97],"scheme":[98],"(CAS),":[99],"adders":[103],"limited":[109],"to":[110,132],"one,":[111],"significantly":[112],"reducing":[113],"consumption.":[115],"synthesis":[117],"results":[118],"indicate":[119],"design":[123],"achieves":[124],"72%":[126],"reduction":[127],"normalized":[129],"area":[130,143],"compared":[131],"state-of-the-art":[134],"work.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"CAS":[139],"reduce":[141],"by":[148],"22%,":[149],"negligible":[151],"Bj\u00f8ntegaard":[152],"Delta-Rate":[153],"loss.":[154],"supports":[158],"processing":[159],"7680\u00d74320@64fps":[160],"videos":[161],"when":[162],"working":[163],"at":[164],"200":[165],"MHz.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
