{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158683878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","title":"A USB 3.0 High Speed Digital Readout System with Dynamic Frame Rate Processing for ISFET Lab-on-Chip Platforms","display_name":"A USB 3.0 High Speed Digital Readout System with Dynamic Frame Rate Processing for ISFET Lab-on-Chip Platforms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158683878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","mag":"3158683878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033704273","display_name":"Lei Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3415-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075883755","display_name":"Junming Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-5993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junming Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069244062","display_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-3857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, London, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033704273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62981061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usb","display_name":"USB","score":0.8067967295646667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6983129978179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6408937573432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.6024307608604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isfet","display_name":"ISFET","score":0.5069675445556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47129499912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4476199150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.4119575619697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.39441120624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13327470421791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12993308901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12263822555541992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507366226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42378","display_name":"USB","level":3,"score":0.8067967295646667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6983129978179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6408937573432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.6024307608604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154275363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904133","display_name":"ISFET","level":5,"score":0.5069675445556641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47129499912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4476199150085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.4119575619697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.39441120624542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13327470421791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12993308901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12263822555541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145598152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097","display_name":"Field-effect transistor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314786","display_name":"Xilinx","ror":"https://ror.org/01rb7bk56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927222624","https://openalex.org/W2146795298","https://openalex.org/W2170140722","https://openalex.org/W2358204429","https://openalex.org/W2561513940","https://openalex.org/W2792183869","https://openalex.org/W2804030805","https://openalex.org/W2911805560","https://openalex.org/W2943644902","https://openalex.org/W2981022112","https://openalex.org/W3006384028","https://openalex.org/W3011064533","https://openalex.org/W3036169151","https://openalex.org/W3091532776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2544043553","https://openalex.org/W2546284597","https://openalex.org/W2348562861","https://openalex.org/W2540393334","https://openalex.org/W1983570530","https://openalex.org/W2062932566","https://openalex.org/W2390042878","https://openalex.org/W2085828379","https://openalex.org/W2271847574","https://openalex.org/W2746234147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,43,54,80,88,100,136,175],"USB":[4,123],"3.0":[5],"based":[6,97],"readout":[7,51,113,156],"platform":[8],"for":[9,149,172,183],"real-time":[10,65,159],"ion":[11,28,40,160],"imaging":[12,161],"applications.":[13,186],"The":[14,49,112,154],"front":[15],"end":[16,148],"utilizes":[17],"an":[18],"ion-imaging":[19],"array":[20],"containing":[21],"16":[22],"k":[23],"ISFET":[24],"pixels":[25],"to":[26,63,74,105],"capture":[27],"diffusion":[29],"at":[30,34,42,162],"6100":[31],"fps.":[32],"Operating":[33],"200":[35],"MHz,":[36],"the":[37,85,93,107,122,127,146,169],"chip":[38],"streams":[39,168],"information":[41],"data":[44,66,76,90,132],"rate":[45,152],"of":[46,121,177],"762.94":[47],"Mb/s.":[48],"backend":[50],"system":[52,86,114,157],"employs":[53],"FIFO-to-USB":[55],"bridge":[56],"(FT601Q)":[57],"that":[58],"supports":[59],"Super":[60],"Speed":[61],"(5Gbps)":[62],"perform":[64],"streaming":[67],"and":[68],"operates":[69],"in":[70,117],"bulk":[71],"transfer":[72],"mode":[73],"ensure":[75],"integrity.":[77],"Implemented":[78],"on":[79,98,126],"Xilinx":[81],"Virtex":[82],"UltraScale+":[83],"FPGA,":[84],"involves":[87],"high-throughput":[89],"path":[91],"through":[92],"on-board":[94],"DDR4":[95],"SDRAMs,":[96],"which":[99],"ring":[101],"buffer":[102],"is":[103,143],"designed":[104],"provide":[106],"2":[108],"GB":[109],"buffering":[110],"capacity.":[111],"can":[115],"operate":[116],"real":[118],"time":[119],"regardless":[120],"glitches":[124],"encountered":[125],"Windows":[128],"OS":[129],"when":[130],"involving":[131],"polling.":[133],"In":[134],"addition,":[135],"simple":[137],"differencing":[138],"algorithm":[139],"with":[140],"threshold":[141],"detection":[142],"integrated":[144],"into":[145],"back":[147],"dynamic":[150],"frame":[151],"operation.":[153],"proposed":[155],"performs":[158],"high":[163],"speed":[164],"as":[165,167],"well":[166],"collected":[170],"images":[171],"visualization":[173],"within":[174],"latency":[176],"25":[178],"ms,":[179],"achieving":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"performance":[182],"high-speed":[184],"Lab-on-Chip":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}