{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158388048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","title":"Design of a Calorimetric Flow Rate Sensor for On-Body Sweat Monitoring","display_name":"Design of a Calorimetric Flow Rate Sensor for On-Body Sweat Monitoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158388048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","mag":"3158388048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059167415","display_name":"Shree Thirumalaikumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shree Thirumalaikumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062890167","display_name":"Matthew Douthwaite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Douthwaite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069244062","display_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-3857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantelis Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059167415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43095492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweat","display_name":"SWEAT","score":0.6697824001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volumetric-flow-rate","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","score":0.5460370779037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidics","display_name":"Fluidics","score":0.5210999250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47288766503334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4369214177131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43444395065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.419960618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4166983664035797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3806065320968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3267090916633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2884802222251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.22293993830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2195526659488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11383059620857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.106006920337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09066838026046753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63398376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7395168","display_name":"SWEAT","level":2,"score":0.6697824001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.5460370779037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185571","display_name":"Fluidics","level":2,"score":0.5210999250411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47288766503334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4369214177131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43444395065307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.419960618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4166983664035797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3806065320968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3267090916633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2884802222251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.22293993830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2195526659488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11383059620857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.106006920337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09066838026046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548680965","https://openalex.org/W2131490519","https://openalex.org/W2187671459","https://openalex.org/W2600798299","https://openalex.org/W2782781832","https://openalex.org/W2790113251","https://openalex.org/W2791443927","https://openalex.org/W2802678962","https://openalex.org/W2917130660","https://openalex.org/W2950584105","https://openalex.org/W2967557855","https://openalex.org/W2993884996","https://openalex.org/W3041965368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235854659","https://openalex.org/W1989854358","https://openalex.org/W2589841393","https://openalex.org/W2050552975","https://openalex.org/W2946905923","https://openalex.org/W2057683749","https://openalex.org/W2075181949","https://openalex.org/W1992445337","https://openalex.org/W1533505969","https://openalex.org/W2006408492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,47,96],"normalise":[3],"measured":[4],"concentrations":[5],"of":[6,11,34,43,52,66,82,91],"biomarkers":[7],"in":[8],"sweat,":[9,53],"many":[10],"which":[12,20],"are":[13],"sweat":[14],"rate":[15,23,51],"dependent,":[16],"a":[17,40,44,79],"multi-modal":[18],"analysis":[19],"measures":[21],"flow":[22,50],"alongside":[24],"biomarker":[25],"concentration":[26],"is":[27],"required.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"an":[32,88],"overview":[33],"current":[35],"methods,":[36],"as":[37,39,85,87],"well":[38,86],"detailed":[41],"design":[42,77],"calorimetric":[45],"system":[46,69],"measure":[48],"the":[49,55,67,75,94],"including":[54],"fluidic":[56],"channel,":[57],"signal":[58],"conditioning":[59],"circuits,":[60],"and":[61,72],"power":[62],"regulation.":[63],"Through":[64],"simulation":[65],"full":[68],"using":[70],"LTSpice":[71],"SOLIDWORKS":[73],"FlowSimulation,":[74],"final":[76],"achieved":[78],"minimum":[80],"resolution":[81],"0.85":[83],"pL/min,":[84],"average":[89],"error":[90],"1.87%":[92],"across":[93],"0.5":[95],"20":[97],"pL/min":[98],"measurement":[99],"range.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
