{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157976301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","title":"An Energy-Efficient Binarized Neural Network Using Analog-Intensive Feature Extraction for Keyword and Speaker Verification Wakeup","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient Binarized Neural Network Using Analog-Intensive Feature Extraction for Keyword and Speaker Verification Wakeup","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157976301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","mag":"3157976301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066615058","display_name":"Ning Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715904","display_name":"Kang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3528-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077204118","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Abubakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-6336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Abubakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011774751","display_name":"Yue Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063888012","display_name":"Hanjun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619090","display_name":"Xiaofeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-5855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Engr. Research Center on ICs for Wireless Healthcare, Research Inst. of Tsinghua Univ. in Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Engr. Research Center on ICs for Wireless Healthcare, Research Inst. of Tsinghua Univ. in Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356864","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156423","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/04c3j3t84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","Guangdong Engr. Research Center on ICs for Wireless Healthcare, Research Inst. of Tsinghua Univ. in Shenzhen, China","Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Engr. Research Center on ICs for Wireless Healthcare, Research Inst. of Tsinghua Univ. in Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Inst. of Microelectronics, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066615058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156423","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4086545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7962788343429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.7584099769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.7473534941673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.6805757880210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6156297922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5467112064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5145444273948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.4914044141769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4713762700557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4294843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.4294198155403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42247089743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.41577795147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.3039599657058716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7962788343429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.7584099769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.7473534941673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.6805757880210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6156297922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5467112064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5145444273948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.4914044141769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4713762700557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4294843077659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.4294198155403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42247089743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.41577795147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.3039599657058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401324","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W2034940213","https://openalex.org/W2114925438","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2407023693","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2899261774","https://openalex.org/W2899441512","https://openalex.org/W2962788625","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2966841637","https://openalex.org/W2973127906","https://openalex.org/W3016076969","https://openalex.org/W3158481788","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6698200048","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6755622980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391266561","https://openalex.org/W2074671152","https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W1980297060","https://openalex.org/W2387604097","https://openalex.org/W2373675101","https://openalex.org/W4385672897","https://openalex.org/W106160982","https://openalex.org/W3119288895","https://openalex.org/W2359140082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analog-intensive":[1],"voice":[2],"feature":[3,38,71],"extraction":[4,39,72],"method":[5,73],"based":[6],"on":[7,90,102],"time-domain":[8],"filtering":[9],"is":[10,40,56,114],"proposed":[11,37,57,81],"in":[12,21],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"which":[15],"solves":[16],"the":[17,31,36,60,127],"computational":[18],"complexity":[19],"problem":[20],"Mel":[22],"Frequency":[23],"Cepstral":[24],"Coefficient":[25],"(MFCC)":[26],"extraction.":[27],"Compared":[28],"with":[29,53,59],"MFCCs,":[30],"estimated":[32,111],"power":[33,112],"consumption":[34,113],"of":[35,88],"reduced":[41,115],"by":[42,78,116],"approximately":[43,117],"4\u00d7.":[44],"Besides,":[45],"a":[46],"binarized":[47],"neural":[48],"network":[49],"model":[50],"called":[51],"DSXNOR-Net":[52,75],"low":[54],"parameters":[55],"together":[58],"generalized":[61],"end-to-":[62],"end":[63],"(GE2E)":[64],"loss":[65],"function":[66],"for":[67,96,105,121],"speaker":[68,106],"verification.":[69],"The":[70,80,109],"and":[74,100,119,123],"are":[76],"verified":[77],"Python.":[79],"architecture":[82],"achieves":[83],"an":[84,91],"optimal":[85],"recognition":[86],"accuracy":[87],"98.3%":[89],"English":[92],"spoken":[93],"digits":[94],"corpus":[95,104],"keyword":[97],"spotting":[98],"(KWS)":[99],"94.4%":[101],"TIMIT":[103],"verification":[107],"(SV).":[108],"total":[110],"2X":[118],"4X":[120],"SV":[122],"KWS":[124],"compared":[125],"to":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"results.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}