{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158361880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","title":"An Approximate and Iterative Posit Multiplier Architecture for FPGAs","display_name":"An Approximate and Iterative Posit Multiplier Architecture for FPGAs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158361880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","mag":"3158361880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091550595","display_name":"Cameron James Norris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4708-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138624","display_name":"University of Washington Bothell","ror":"https://ror.org/02ygzhr13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cameron James Norris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090232084","display_name":"Sunwoong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-0228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138624","display_name":"University of Washington Bothell","ror":"https://ror.org/02ygzhr13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunwoong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138624"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091550595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138624"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87587956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.7868205904960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587317228317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6132069230079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.5747451186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.5238701701164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.498687744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.475685715675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.44730186462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4231944978237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35568004846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1498509645462036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7868205904960632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587317228317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6132069230079651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.5747451186180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.5238701701164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.498687744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.475685715675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.44730186462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4231944978237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35568004846572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1498509645462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999890536","https://openalex.org/W2045292011","https://openalex.org/W2057739366","https://openalex.org/W2081381940","https://openalex.org/W2111013824","https://openalex.org/W2159211021","https://openalex.org/W2168724907","https://openalex.org/W2207050309","https://openalex.org/W2511080099","https://openalex.org/W2590023945","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2625483679","https://openalex.org/W2743322459","https://openalex.org/W2790724940","https://openalex.org/W2889447872","https://openalex.org/W2908782257","https://openalex.org/W2943147624","https://openalex.org/W2946052039","https://openalex.org/W2948396960","https://openalex.org/W2963711383","https://openalex.org/W3005730048","https://openalex.org/W3011681010","https://openalex.org/W3022365251","https://openalex.org/W3022461635","https://openalex.org/W3035754681","https://openalex.org/W4249697915","https://openalex.org/W6742278618","https://openalex.org/W6780015635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W2117300767","https://openalex.org/W2024574431","https://openalex.org/W2374017528","https://openalex.org/W4285503609","https://openalex.org/W2126248441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"many":[1],"applications":[2],"have":[3],"demanded":[4],"cheaper":[5],"and":[6,108,164,170,199],"faster":[7],"arithmetic":[8,44],"while":[9,157],"providing":[10],"a":[11,24,26,36,63,128,149,159,193],"wider":[12,124],"dynamic":[13,125],"range":[14,126],"than":[15,127],"the":[16,48,57,77,80,83,89,97,114,117,134,137,142,165,179,182,188],"popular":[17],"IEEE":[18],"754":[19],"floating-point":[20],"(FP)":[21],"arithmetic.":[22],"As":[23,34],"result,":[25],"new":[27],"number":[28,39,58,84,98,143],"format":[29],"called":[30],"posit":[31,43,64,73,81,115,152,201],"was":[32],"proposed.":[33,111],"in":[35,42,62,88,148],"variety":[37],"of":[38,47,59,79,85,99,144,181,196],"systems,":[40],"multiplication":[41],"is":[45,92,187],"one":[46],"most":[49],"frequently":[50],"used":[51,147],"but":[52],"expensive":[53],"operations.":[54],"To":[55,75,178],"reduce":[56],"hardware":[60,194],"resources":[61],"multiplier,":[65],"this":[66,185],"paper":[67,186],"applies":[68],"an":[69,197],"iterative":[70,135,200],"approach":[71],"to":[72,113],"multiplication.":[74],"exploit":[76],"features":[78],"format,":[82,116],"truncated":[86],"bits":[87],"fraction":[90],"component":[91],"dynamically":[93],"changed":[94],"depending":[95],"on":[96],"regime":[100],"bits.":[101],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"architectures":[104],"for":[105],"fast":[106],"parser":[107],"packer":[109],"are":[110],"Thanks":[112],"proposed":[118,138],"design":[119,139,154],"supports":[120],"about":[121],"60":[122],"decades":[123],"single-precision":[129],"FP":[130],"multiplier":[131,153],"design.":[132],"Using":[133],"approach,":[136],"also":[140],"reduces":[141],"lookup":[145],"tables":[146],"previous":[150],"exact":[151],"by":[155],"44%":[156],"achieving":[158],"51%":[160],"higher":[161],"maximum":[162],"frequency,":[163],"appropriate":[166],"balance":[167],"between":[168],"latency":[169],"accuracy":[171],"can":[172],"be":[173],"finely":[174],"determined":[175],"at":[176],"runtime.":[177],"best":[180],"authors'":[183],"knowledge,":[184],"first":[189],"work":[190],"that":[191],"proposes":[192],"architecture":[195],"approximate":[198],"multiplier.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
