{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158365747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","title":"Training Multilayer Neural Networks Analytically Using Kernel Projection","display_name":"Training Multilayer Neural Networks Analytically Using Kernel Projection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158365747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","mag":"3158365747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061256037","display_name":"Huiping Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4612-5445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huiping Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049506273","display_name":"Zhiping Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-1226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018473729","display_name":"Kar\u2010Ann Toh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kar-Ann Toh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061256037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67273412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7757581472396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7437615394592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7418320178985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.7236441373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112985253334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6082364320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5924142599105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4587545394897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.4247470498085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40479210019111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4037913978099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3734745383262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20773974061012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.1398511528968811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7757581472396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7437615394592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7418320178985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7236441373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112985253334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6082364320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5924142599105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4587545394897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.4247470498085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40479210019111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4037913978099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3734745383262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20773974061012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.1398511528968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401126","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334971","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00zgdb249"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1968018278","https://openalex.org/W1969332978","https://openalex.org/W1988268958","https://openalex.org/W2055576996","https://openalex.org/W2074192908","https://openalex.org/W2095738586","https://openalex.org/W2113442785","https://openalex.org/W2155182937","https://openalex.org/W2155910151","https://openalex.org/W2615874979","https://openalex.org/W2755486527","https://openalex.org/W2758512905","https://openalex.org/W2894843516","https://openalex.org/W2897502731","https://openalex.org/W2899067142","https://openalex.org/W2913500645","https://openalex.org/W2978138507","https://openalex.org/W3121926921","https://openalex.org/W6634288218","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6755791423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391384657","https://openalex.org/W2040019480","https://openalex.org/W1975341817","https://openalex.org/W4304136584","https://openalex.org/W2189183545","https://openalex.org/W2090029310","https://openalex.org/W2110459882","https://openalex.org/W2371167124","https://openalex.org/W3158365747","https://openalex.org/W1984577369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,41,46,55,69,88],"kernel":[4,56],"projection":[5,57],"(KP)":[6],"neural":[7],"network":[8,13,17,86],"that":[9,79,94],"analytically":[10,66],"determines":[11,63],"its":[12,64],"parameters.":[14],"The":[15],"proposed":[16,85],"is":[18],"composed":[19],"of":[20,23,83,95,110],"cascaded":[21],"modules":[22],"2-layer":[24,51],"sub-networks.":[25],"A":[26],"technique":[27],"which":[28],"encodes":[29],"the":[30,50,59,74,80,84,96,106],"label":[31],"information":[32],"into":[33],"each":[34],"module":[35,52],"has":[36],"been":[37],"introduced":[38],"to":[39,104],"enable":[40],"locally":[42],"supervised":[43,47],"learning.":[44],"Such":[45],"learning":[48,89],"in":[49,58,73],"begins":[53],"with":[54,125],"first":[60],"layer":[61],"and":[62],"parameters":[65],"via":[67],"solving":[68],"least":[70],"squares":[71],"problem":[72],"second":[75],"layer.":[76],"We":[77],"show":[78],"analytic":[81],"nature":[82],"allows":[87],"process":[90],"significantly":[91],"faster":[92],"than":[93],"traditional":[97],"backpropagation":[98],"method":[99],"as":[100],"it":[101],"only":[102],"needs":[103],"visit":[105],"dataset":[107],"once.":[108],"Experiments":[109],"classification":[111],"tasks":[112],"on":[113],"various":[114],"datasets":[115],"are":[116],"carried":[117],"out,":[118],"showing":[119],"comparable":[120],"or":[121],"better":[122],"results":[123],"compared":[124],"several":[126],"competing":[127],"methods.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
