{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159008830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","title":"A Ka-Band FMCW PLL Synthesizer with 8.5-GHz Bandwidth for High-Precision High-Resolution Sub-mmWave Radar Sensing","display_name":"A Ka-Band FMCW PLL Synthesizer with 8.5-GHz Bandwidth for High-Precision High-Resolution Sub-mmWave Radar Sensing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159008830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","mag":"3159008830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042469641","display_name":"Ja\u2010Yol Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayol Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035053770","display_name":"Youngseok Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngseok Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087395015","display_name":"Ik-Soo Eo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iksoo Eo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013082844","display_name":"Bontae Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6255-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bontae Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommuniccations Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042469641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62996006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7685615420341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.677824854850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colpitts-oscillator","display_name":"Colpitts oscillator","score":0.6614040732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.6535077095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6298221945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.5686832070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5422530770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5062824487686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4908197820186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pll-multibit","display_name":"PLL multibit","score":0.4708268940448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.46375659108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.42853254079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.42193418741226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.401750385761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35351890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.3455623388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3315184414386749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30173563957214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21697938442230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18400150537490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13922321796417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-oscillator","display_name":"Local oscillator","score":0.12185543775558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.10643270611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.09213373064994812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7685615420341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.677824854850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146847952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933121","display_name":"Colpitts oscillator","level":5,"score":0.6614040732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.6535077095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6298221945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.5686832070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5422530770301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5062824487686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4908197820186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.4708268940448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.46375659108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.42853254079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.42193418741226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.401750385761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35351890325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.3455623388290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3315184414386749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30173563957214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21697938442230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18400150537490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13922321796417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.12185543775558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.10643270611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.09213373064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111657199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300256","display_name":"Vack\u00e1\u0159 oscillator","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401082","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150558863","https://openalex.org/W2776417308","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2885463289","https://openalex.org/W2886935693","https://openalex.org/W2977323268","https://openalex.org/W3046112787","https://openalex.org/W3088054593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145870900","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2393391611","https://openalex.org/W2353586717","https://openalex.org/W2370926499","https://openalex.org/W2117349133","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W2374761771","https://openalex.org/W2359366503","https://openalex.org/W2388744842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"31.4-39.9GHz":[1],"mmWave":[2],"PLL":[3,55,86],"synthesizer":[4,56],"for":[5],"FMCW":[6],"radar":[7],"applications":[8],"is":[9,33],"proposed":[10],"that":[11],"consists":[12],"of":[13,60,67,74,82,96],"a":[14,19,25,62,70,77],"complementary":[15,30],"Colpitts-assisted":[16],"class-B/C":[17],"VCO,":[18],"programmable":[20],"quadratic-curved":[21,46],"charge":[22,43],"pump,":[23],"and":[24,76,103],"digital":[26],"chirp-code":[27],"generator.":[28],"The":[29,42,53,85],"Colpitts":[31],"oscillator":[32],"employed":[34],"to":[35,48],"supply":[36],"more":[37],"negative":[38],"resistance":[39],"around":[40],"40GHz.":[41],"pump":[44],"produces":[45],"current":[47],"keep":[49],"loop":[50],"bandwidth":[51,81],"constant.":[52],"fractional-N":[54],"achieves":[57],"locking":[58],"range":[59],"31.4-39.9GHz,":[61],"minimum":[63],"FM":[64,79],"rms":[65],"error":[66],"160":[68],"kHz,":[69],"high-speed":[71],"chirp":[72],"rate":[73],"50\u03bcs,":[75],"maximum":[78],"modulation":[80],"8.5":[83],"GHz.":[84],"implemented":[87],"by":[88],"using":[89],"65nm":[90],"CMOS":[91],"process":[92],"accomplishes":[93],"phase":[94],"noise":[95],"-89dBc/Hz":[97],"at":[98],"1MHz":[99],"offset":[100],"from":[101],"33.9GHz":[102],"consumes":[104],"60mW.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}