{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312597082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973","title":"Fast Affine Motion Estimation for VVC using Machine-Learning-Based Early Search Termination","display_name":"Fast Affine Motion Estimation for VVC using Machine-Learning-Based Early Search Termination","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312597082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029055314","display_name":"Adson Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-5183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adson Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070250015","display_name":"Paulo Romeu Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070735330","display_name":"Luciano Agostini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-5830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Agostini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057414253","display_name":"Bruno Zatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Zatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024570296","display_name":"Guilherme Corr\u00eaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Correa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081630912","display_name":"Marcelo Porto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-3023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Porto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014304350","display_name":"Daniel Palomino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-8335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169248161","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy9z54","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Palomino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel),Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC),Pelotas,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Video Technology Research Group (ViTech)Graduate Program in Computer Science (PPGC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029055314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169248161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94312796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.7514451742172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7468177676200867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.7020738124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6752302646636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5788176655769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5045725107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.4591367542743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.44951748847961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-motion","display_name":"Translational motion","score":0.4436095952987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.437056303024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.434908926486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4121042490005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3904045820236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37685802578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34430286288261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19568997621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11068162322044373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.7514451742172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7468177676200867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.7020738124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6752302646636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5788176655769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5045725107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.4591367542743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.44951748847961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988296624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211459","display_name":"Translational motion","level":2,"score":0.4436095952987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.437056303024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.434908926486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4121042490005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3904045820236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37685802578926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34430286288261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19568997621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11068162322044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2169161136","https://openalex.org/W2537298451","https://openalex.org/W2937873055","https://openalex.org/W2987510390","https://openalex.org/W3016375368","https://openalex.org/W3027652730","https://openalex.org/W3031546776","https://openalex.org/W3035631597","https://openalex.org/W3090974244","https://openalex.org/W3101034421","https://openalex.org/W3101105330","https://openalex.org/W3164971928","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6675207249","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3133183159","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1530267862","https://openalex.org/W2000610530","https://openalex.org/W1484667368","https://openalex.org/W1991900232","https://openalex.org/W1979241702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Affine":[1,52],"Motion":[2],"Estimation":[3],"(AME)":[4],"was":[5],"introduced":[6],"in":[7,60,120],"the":[8,17,37,46,51,61,88,95,110,121],"Versatile":[9],"Video":[10],"Coding":[11],"(VVC)":[12],"standard":[13],"to":[14,91],"allow":[15],"for":[16],"detection":[18],"of":[19,36,118,129],"non-translational":[20],"transformations":[21],"during":[22,87],"inter-frame":[23],"prediction.":[24,64],"Although":[25],"providing":[26],"important":[27],"coding":[28,126],"efficiency":[29,127],"gains,":[30],"this":[31],"new":[32],"tool":[33],"represents":[34],"43%":[35],"motion":[38,53],"estimation":[39],"(ME)":[40],"complexity.":[41],"However,":[42],"an":[43,114],"analysis":[44],"over":[45],"AME":[47,69,96,122],"step":[48,97,123],"shows":[49],"that":[50],"vectors":[54],"are":[55],"often":[56],"generated":[57],"without":[58],"resulting":[59],"best":[62],"ME":[63],"This":[65],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"a":[68,125],"early":[70],"search":[71],"termination":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"supervised":[75],"machine":[76],"learning.":[77],"Six":[78],"Random":[79],"Forest":[80],"models":[81],"were":[82],"trained":[83],"with":[84,124],"features":[85],"obtained":[86],"encoding":[89],"process":[90],"accurately":[92],"predict":[93],"whether":[94],"should":[98],"be":[99],"executed,":[100],"partially":[101],"executed":[102],"or":[103],"skipped,":[104],"avoiding":[105],"unnecessary":[106],"calculations.":[107],"As":[108],"result,":[109],"proposed":[111],"solution":[112],"achieves":[113],"average":[115],"time":[116],"saving":[117],"46.94%":[119],"loss":[128],"only":[130],"0.18%.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}