{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313067768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796","title":"High-Precision Nano-Amp Current Sensor and Obfuscation based Analog Trojan Detection Circuit","display_name":"High-Precision Nano-Amp Current Sensor and Obfuscation based Analog Trojan Detection Circuit","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313067768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032631067","display_name":"Mostafa Abedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Abedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068718453","display_name":"Tiancheng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083131515","display_name":"Yunsi Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsi Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020694155","display_name":"Aatmesh Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aatmesh Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University,Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032631067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87158746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3324","last_page":"3328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-sensor","display_name":"Current sensor","score":0.5885383486747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.5803090929985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.5744463205337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5622832775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5038930773735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5022799968719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.4747629165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46688002347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.4309673607349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.39563506841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35813313722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3451654314994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34339141845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3404971957206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.32398825883865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.08776572346687317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55000061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24894777","display_name":"Current sensor","level":3,"score":0.5885383486747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.5803090929985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5744463205337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5622832775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5038930773735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5022799968719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.4747629165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46688002347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.4309673607349396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.39563506841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35813313722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3451654314994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34339141845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3404971957206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32398825883865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.08776572346687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309065","display_name":"Analog Devices","ror":"https://ror.org/01545pm61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76123274","https://openalex.org/W1541663547","https://openalex.org/W1994870682","https://openalex.org/W2008692569","https://openalex.org/W2009009482","https://openalex.org/W2014828568","https://openalex.org/W2065891615","https://openalex.org/W2105679630","https://openalex.org/W2117782804","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2154978532","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2801723981","https://openalex.org/W2808465023","https://openalex.org/W2886541648","https://openalex.org/W2887021868","https://openalex.org/W2945793150","https://openalex.org/W2948811271","https://openalex.org/W3006971765","https://openalex.org/W3015685940","https://openalex.org/W3021938476","https://openalex.org/W3099336459","https://openalex.org/W4233459511","https://openalex.org/W6632480037","https://openalex.org/W6682184091","https://openalex.org/W6753951102","https://openalex.org/W6763559720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1526642037","https://openalex.org/W4321062229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"Analog":[1],"Trojans":[2,51,86,179],"such":[3],"as":[4],"A2,":[5],"large-delay":[6],"Trojans,":[7],"and":[8,33,61,67,90,159],"row-hammer":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"shown":[12],"to":[13,57,120,140,151,172,194],"be":[14,40,152,161,168],"more":[15],"stealthier":[16],"than":[17],"previously":[18],"known":[19],"digital":[20,65,156],"Trojans.":[21],"They":[22],"are":[23],"smaller":[24],"sized,":[25],"do":[26],"not":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29],"inputs":[30],"for":[31,36],"triggering,":[32],"the":[34,64,110,155,181,196],"trigger":[35],"their":[37,58],"payload":[38],"can":[39,52,81,116,160,167],"made":[41],"arbitrarily":[42],"delayed,":[43],"like":[44],"a":[45,75,132],"ticking":[46],"time":[47,92],"bomb.":[48],"Furthermore,":[49],"analog":[50,85,178],"easily":[53],"evade":[54],"detection":[55,78,101,105,165],"due":[56],"novel":[59],"nature":[60],"incompatibility":[62],"with":[63,154],"design":[66,134,147,157],"validation":[68],"flow.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"current":[76,136],"signature-based":[77],"scheme,":[79],"which":[80],"effectively":[82],"catch":[83],"various":[84],"at":[87,170],"both":[88],"run-time":[89,171],"production":[91],"validation.":[93],"The":[94,146,187],"paper":[95],"includes":[96],"techniques":[97],"that":[98],"advance":[99],"Trojan":[100],"method":[102,166],"through":[103,183],"incorporating":[104],"of":[106,122,135,177],"transient":[107],"variation":[108],"in":[109,180],"power":[111,127],"supply":[112],"current.":[113],"Proposed":[114],"current-sensor":[115],"sense":[117],"currents":[118],"down":[119],"10s":[121],"nano-Amps":[123],"improving":[124],"over":[125],"prior":[126],"sensing":[128,144],"based":[129],"techniques.":[130],"Further,":[131],"configurable":[133],"sensor":[137],"is":[138,148,192],"developed":[139,150],"enable":[141],"large":[142],"range":[143],"capability.":[145],"also":[149],"compatible":[153],"flow":[158],"logic":[162],"obfuscated.":[163],"This":[164],"used":[169],"potentially":[173],"fence":[174],"off":[175],"activation":[176],"field":[182],"early":[184],"warning":[185],"signals.":[186],"commercial":[188],"65nm":[189],"CMOS":[190],"technology":[191],"utilized":[193],"verify":[195],"proposed":[197],"idea.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}