{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313152409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656","title":"1T1R In-Memory Compute for Winner Takes All Application in Kohonen Neural Networks","display_name":"1T1R In-Memory Compute for Winner Takes All Application in Kohonen Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313152409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072112093","display_name":"Aya Mouallem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-9971"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aya Mouallem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aya Mouallem is now with Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aya Mouallem is now with Stanford University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076320201","display_name":"Hussein Fadlallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6280-3960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Fadlallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033371675","display_name":"Lina Bacha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Bacha","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042124492","display_name":"Dana El Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-2303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana El Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001317278","display_name":"Rachid Jamil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029725773","display_name":"Dana Bazazo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana Bazazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071376756","display_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072112093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72929425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1561","last_page":"1565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-map","display_name":"Self-organizing map","score":0.8123084306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7391788959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7216547131538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.6830116510391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6805494427680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5717348456382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5458735227584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49307677149772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4142516851425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33019208908081055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111168008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838","display_name":"Self-organizing map","level":3,"score":0.8123084306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7391788959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7216547131538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.6830116510391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6805494427680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5717348456382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5458735227584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49307677149772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4142516851425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33019208908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309999","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009510324","https://openalex.org/W2025842646","https://openalex.org/W2067378304","https://openalex.org/W2099554009","https://openalex.org/W2113134501","https://openalex.org/W2290682369","https://openalex.org/W2292548336","https://openalex.org/W2743116038","https://openalex.org/W2748044793","https://openalex.org/W2803022042","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2897568615","https://openalex.org/W2909364578","https://openalex.org/W2913130713","https://openalex.org/W3002638775","https://openalex.org/W3035940873","https://openalex.org/W3157815942","https://openalex.org/W4392150370","https://openalex.org/W6861463234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W2911822711","https://openalex.org/W150043153","https://openalex.org/W2482164254","https://openalex.org/W1537079663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In-memory":[0],"computing":[1],"is":[2,85],"a":[3,23,45,86,131],"promising":[4],"candidate":[5],"for":[6,125,135],"overcoming":[7],"the":[8,34,42,58,62,82,90,95,110,120,126,136],"von":[9],"Neumann":[10],"memory":[11],"wall":[12],"and":[13],"accelerating":[14],"data":[15],"processing":[16],"in":[17,41,61,89,109,119],"neural":[18],"network":[19],"applications.":[20],"We":[21,56,93,115,129],"propose":[22],"ITIR-based":[24],"approach":[25],"to":[26,38,52],"carry":[27],"out":[28],"an":[29],"efficient":[30],"in-memory":[31],"computation":[32],"of":[33,44,47,64,98,112,133],"minimum":[35],"logic":[36],"function":[37],"be":[39],"executed":[40],"form":[43],"series":[46],"1-bit":[48,137],"search":[49,138],"operations":[50],"similar":[51],"modern":[53],"associative":[54],"processors.":[55],"study":[57,94],"proposed":[59],"design":[60],"context":[63],"Kohonen":[65],"Neural":[66],"Networks":[67],"that":[68],"are":[69,76],"also":[70],"known":[71],"as":[72],"self-organizing":[73],"maps.":[74],"They":[75],"based":[77],"on":[78],"competitive":[79],"learning":[80,91],"where":[81],"minimum-search":[83],"operation":[84],"crucial":[87],"part":[88],"process.":[92],"trade":[96],"off":[97],"different":[99,106,127],"low-to-high":[100],"resistance":[101],"state":[102],"windows":[103],"associated":[104],"with":[105],"endurance":[107],"levels":[108],"presence":[111],"process":[113],"variations.":[114],"demonstrate":[116],"~0-4%":[117],"reduction":[118],"MNIST":[121],"test":[122],"dataset":[123],"accuracy":[124],"scenarios.":[128],"report":[130],"maximum":[132],"6fJ":[134],"operation.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
