{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312796382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449","title":"An Efficient FPGA Implementation for Real-Time and Low-Power UAV Object Detection","display_name":"An Efficient FPGA Implementation for Real-Time and Low-Power UAV Object Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312796382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368584","display_name":"Guoqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434273","display_name":"Jingwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7907-2853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437809","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,School of Electronics Science and Engineering,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081768631","display_name":"Henk Corporaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-5732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henk Corporaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Eindhoven,Netherlands","Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Eindhoven,Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100368584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877","https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64669979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1387","last_page":"1391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8352327346801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.786689043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratix","display_name":"Stratix","score":0.7264055013656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.604281485080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4736403524875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4679108262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4512932300567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.4421427249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.4362066388130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4199659526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41011911630630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37985387444496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23007434606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09414613246917725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8352327346801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.786689043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22074755","display_name":"Stratix","level":3,"score":0.7264055013656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.604281485080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4736403524875641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4679108262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4512932300567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.4421427249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.4362066388130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4199659526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41011911630630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37985387444496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23007434606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09414613246917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire_cris_publications/ad42315b-b1d3-438b-9156-7bdb83be9b86","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/ad42315b-b1d3-438b-9156-7bdb83be9b86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, G, Zhang, J, Zhang, M & Corporaal, H 2022, An Efficient FPGA Implementation for Real-Time and Low-Power UAV Object Detection. in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 1387-1391, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2022, Austin, Texas, United States, 27/05/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS48785.2022.9937449","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/ad42315b-b1d3-438b-9156-7bdb83be9b86","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142489294&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, G, Zhang, J, Zhang, M & Corporaal, H 2022, An Efficient FPGA Implementation for Real-Time and Low-Power UAV Object Detection. in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 1387-1391, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2022, Austin, Texas, United States, 27/05/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS48785.2022.9937449","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2295680811","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2887936511","https://openalex.org/W2943463572","https://openalex.org/W2962856739","https://openalex.org/W2974412363","https://openalex.org/W2989331028","https://openalex.org/W3001083904","https://openalex.org/W3008408165","https://openalex.org/W3034363736","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3072011699","https://openalex.org/W3090500501","https://openalex.org/W3093757369","https://openalex.org/W3095523882","https://openalex.org/W3158872624","https://openalex.org/W3159093304","https://openalex.org/W3159911742","https://openalex.org/W3163843793","https://openalex.org/W3190215629","https://openalex.org/W6767525790","https://openalex.org/W6799568889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509155667","https://openalex.org/W2518118925","https://openalex.org/W1564576805","https://openalex.org/W4254372399","https://openalex.org/W2014165129","https://openalex.org/W2367348190","https://openalex.org/W594316872","https://openalex.org/W2831860248","https://openalex.org/W2367794224","https://openalex.org/W3208151864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"efficient":[4],"real-time":[5,51],"hardware":[6],"accelerator":[7,113],"based":[8,55],"on":[9,56],"Field":[10],"Programmable":[11],"Gate":[12],"Array":[13],"(FPGA)":[14],"is":[15,77],"proposed":[16,46],"for":[17,47,89,130],"unmanned":[18],"aerial":[19],"vehicle":[20],"(UAV)":[21],"object":[22,32,53,131],"detection.":[23,132],"We":[24],"first":[25],"analyze":[26],"the":[27,36,66,70,81,86,102],"iSmart3-SkyNet":[28],"(a":[29],"popular":[30],"UAV":[31,52],"detection":[33,54],"network),":[34],"using":[35],"roofline":[37],"model.":[38],"Then,":[39],"a":[40],"series":[41],"of":[42,72,105],"optimization":[43],"strategies":[44],"are":[45],"low":[48],"power":[49],"and":[50,61,69,84,98,120],"FPGA.":[57],"Stackable":[58],"shared":[59],"PE":[60],"regulable":[62],"loop":[63],"count":[64],"improve":[65,85],"computing":[67,73,87],"roof":[68],"utilization":[71],"resources.":[74],"Channel":[75],"augmentation":[76],"used":[78],"to":[79],"increase":[80],"memory":[82],"bandwidth,":[83],"efficiency":[88],"shallow":[90],"layers.":[91],"Regulable":[92],"Loop":[93],"Count":[94],"reduces":[95],"unnecessary":[96],"computation,":[97],"pre-load":[99],"workflow":[100],"improves":[101],"overall":[103],"parallelism":[104],"heterogeneous":[106],"systems.":[107],"The":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"our":[112],"(SEUT)":[114],"achieves":[115],"78.6":[116],"frames":[117],"per":[118,123],"second":[119],"0.":[121],"068J":[122],"image":[124],"with":[125],"0.73":[126],"Intersection":[127],"over":[128],"Union":[129],"Source":[133],"code":[134],"will":[135],"be":[136],"available":[137],"at":[138],"https://github.com/aicerl/accob.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}