{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312577316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271","title":"Recovering Accuracy of RRAM-based CIM for Binarized Neural Network via Chip-in-the-loop Training","display_name":"Recovering Accuracy of RRAM-based CIM for Binarized Neural Network via Chip-in-the-loop Training","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312577316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019055130","display_name":"Yi Sheng Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-6570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sheng Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University (NTU),School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094970","display_name":"Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndnb620","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094970","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, NTU,Singapore","Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, NTU, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, NTU,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068243197","display_name":"Yew-Soon Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-169X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yew Soon Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTU,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, NTU, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTU,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, NTU, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036682724","display_name":"Vishnu P. Nambiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-5911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu P. Nambiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A&#x002A; STAR,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A&#x002A; STAR,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615706","display_name":"Anh Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-6818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh Tuan Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A&#x002A; STAR,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A&#x002A; STAR,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019055130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62079581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2958","last_page":"2962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.9815598726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6300473809242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6047135591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4976647198200226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.44426384568214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.382515549659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3282339572906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.29857444763183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22106200456619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18558600544929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.104572594165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09675166010856628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9815598726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6300473809242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047135591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4976647198200226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.44426384568214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.382515549659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3282339572906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.29857444763183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22106200456619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18558600544929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.104572594165802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09675166010856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/159308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/159308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641127476","https://openalex.org/W2103531629","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2612375349","https://openalex.org/W2904788655","https://openalex.org/W3043783230","https://openalex.org/W3081966132","https://openalex.org/W3109398587","https://openalex.org/W3157197680","https://openalex.org/W3169053130","https://openalex.org/W4233443202","https://openalex.org/W4233923606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924","https://openalex.org/W4206468571","https://openalex.org/W4381388454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resistive":[0],"random":[1],"access":[2],"memory":[3],"(RRAM)":[4],"based":[5],"computing-in-memory":[6],"(CIM)":[7],"is":[8,61,87,124],"attractive":[9],"for":[10,102],"edge":[11],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"applications,":[15],"thanks":[16],"to":[17,42,48,65,100,108],"its":[18],"excellent":[19],"energy":[20,69],"efficiency,":[21],"compactness":[22],"and":[23,68,133,175],"high":[24,132],"parallelism":[25],"in":[26,144],"matrix":[27],"vector":[28],"multiplication":[29],"(MatVec)":[30],"operations.":[31],"However,":[32],"existing":[33],"RRAM-based":[34,80,163],"CIM":[35,81,146],"designs":[36],"often":[37],"require":[38],"complex":[39],"programming":[40,85],"scheme":[41,86],"precisely":[43],"control":[44],"the":[45,50,56,103,109,113,119,145,162,171],"RRAM":[46,75,114,121,127,172],"cells":[47],"reach":[49],"desired":[51],"resistance":[52,135,140,173,177],"states":[53],"so":[54],"that":[55,159],"neural":[57,155],"network":[58,104,156,164],"classification":[59],"accuracy":[60,165],"maintained.":[62],"This":[63],"leads":[64],"large":[66],"area":[67,76],"overhead":[70],"as":[71,73],"well":[72],"low":[74,134],"utilization.":[77],"Hence,":[78],"compact":[79],"with":[82],"simple":[83],"pulse-based":[84],"thus":[88],"more":[89],"desirable.":[90],"To":[91],"achieve":[92],"this,":[93],"we":[94],"propose":[95],"a":[96,125,151],"chip-in-the-loop":[97],"training":[98],"approach":[99],"compensate":[101],"performance":[105],"drop":[106],"due":[107],"stochastic":[110],"behavior":[111],"of":[112,170],"cells.":[115],"Note":[116],"that,":[117],"although":[118],"target":[120],"cell":[122],"here":[123],"two-state":[126],"(i.e":[128],"binary,":[129],"having":[130],"only":[131],"states),":[136],"their":[137],"inherent":[138],"analog":[139],"values":[141],"are":[142],"used":[143],"operation.":[147],"Our":[148],"experiment":[149],"using":[150],"4-layer":[152],"fully-connected":[153],"binary":[154],"(BNN)":[157],"showed":[158],"after":[160],"retraining,":[161],"can":[166],"be":[167],"recovered,":[168],"regardless":[169],"distribution":[174],"$\\frac{\\text{R}_{\\text{HRS}}}{\\text{R}_{\\text{LRS}}}$":[176],"ratio.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
