{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312303457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226","title":"A 0.7 \u03bcm-Pitch 108 Mpixel Nonacell-Based CMOS Image Sensor with Decision-Feedback Technique","display_name":"A 0.7 \u03bcm-Pitch 108 Mpixel Nonacell-Based CMOS Image Sensor with Decision-Feedback Technique","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312303457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077702316","display_name":"Jae\u2010Hoon Jun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-1358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaehoon Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040589325","display_name":"Haneol Seo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haneol Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064363391","display_name":"Hyukbin Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyukbin Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031007341","display_name":"Jongyeon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066648375","display_name":"Beomsoo Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beomsoo Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640173","display_name":"Youngwoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064723720","display_name":"Yongbin Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042824211","display_name":"Woong Joo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woong Joo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049248079","display_name":"Jesuk Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesuk Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084142971","display_name":"Kyoungmin Koh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoungmin Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics,System LSI Division,Hwaseong,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System LSI Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077702316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91662027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"283","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7145695090293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.6967278122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.674933671951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-pitch","display_name":"Dot pitch","score":0.6032317280769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-pattern-noise","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","score":0.5783579349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5598948001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5429252982139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.531895637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.468059241771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.46738091111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44861119985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4388335943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42594262957572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41384539008140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34494689106941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27232515811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2432997226715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23708635568618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22965145111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16357707977294922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7145695090293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.6967278122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.674933671951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179813606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032861","display_name":"Dot pitch","level":3,"score":0.6032317280769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456322","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","level":3,"score":0.5783579349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5598948001861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5429252982139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.531895637512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.468059241771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.46738091111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44861119985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4388335943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42594262957572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41384539008140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34494689106941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27232515811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2432997226715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23708635568618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22965145111083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16357707977294922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas48785.2022.9937226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604393","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984910794","https://openalex.org/W2018657325","https://openalex.org/W2290915144","https://openalex.org/W2588264268","https://openalex.org/W2742879744","https://openalex.org/W2811051612","https://openalex.org/W2920982882","https://openalex.org/W2943295137","https://openalex.org/W2970593280","https://openalex.org/W3078267971","https://openalex.org/W3116147020","https://openalex.org/W3184026853","https://openalex.org/W6646539895","https://openalex.org/W6696564931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188917671","https://openalex.org/W2750896364","https://openalex.org/W2147395055","https://openalex.org/W2350553929","https://openalex.org/W2321780500","https://openalex.org/W2144299266","https://openalex.org/W2331709517","https://openalex.org/W2046371391","https://openalex.org/W2031597920","https://openalex.org/W3022651220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,156,172,198],"108":[4,181],"mega":[5],"pixels":[6],"(Mp)":[7],"CMOS":[8],"image":[9,190],"sensor":[10],"(CIS)":[11],"for":[12,36,61],"mobile":[13],"phone":[14],"applications.":[15],"The":[16,131,174,188],"0.7":[17],"$\\mu$m-pitch":[18],"pixel":[19,30,115],"array":[20],"($12000\\times":[21],"9000$)":[22],"is":[23,59,75,96,168,184],"composed":[24],"of":[25,42,56,100,103,134,146,153,159,165,179,201],"nona-cell":[26],"($3\\times":[27],"3$":[28],"unit":[29],"structure)":[31],"cluster":[32],"with":[33,54,91,149,171,193],"binning":[34],"capability":[35],"maximum":[37],"light":[38],"absorption.":[39],"In":[40],"considerations":[41],"the":[43,51,62,66,79,87,92,101,104,135,180,194],"trade-off":[44],"between":[45,83],"area":[46],"occupation":[47],"and":[48,85,116,125,155],"frame":[49,157],"rate,":[50],"column-parallel":[52],"topology":[53],"thousands":[55],"single-slope":[57],"ADCs":[58],"chosen":[60],"digitizer.":[63],"To":[64],"suppress":[65],"horizontal":[67],"noise":[68,144,177],"(HN)":[69],"source,":[70],"an":[71,141,150],"ADC":[72,88,105],"decision-feedback":[73,93,195],"technique":[74,196],"proposed":[76],"to":[77],"minimize":[78],"current":[80],"consumption":[81,109],"difference":[82],"before":[84],"after":[86],"decision.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"loop,":[94],"which":[95],"implemented":[97],"in":[98,122],"each":[99],"comparators":[102],"array,":[106],"analog":[107,151],"power":[108],"can":[110],"be":[111],"also":[112,169],"reduced.":[113],"Top":[114],"bottom":[117],"digitizer":[118],"chips":[119],"were":[120],"fabricated":[121],"65":[123],"nm":[124,127],"28":[126],"process":[128],"technologies,":[129],"respectively.":[130],"measurement":[132],"results":[133],"3-D":[136],"stacked":[137],"prototype":[138],"imager":[139,183],"show":[140],"input-referred":[142],"random":[143],"(RN)":[145],"1.4":[147],"$\\mathrm{e}_{\\mathrm{rms}}^{-}$":[148,167],"gain":[152],"16":[154],"rate":[158],"10":[160],"fps.":[161],"A":[162],"suppressed":[163],"RN":[164],"0.44":[166],"achieved":[170],"nona-binning.":[173],"column":[175],"fixed-pattern":[176],"(FPN)":[178],"MP":[182],"only":[185],"66":[186],"ppm.":[187],"high-resolution":[189],"sensing":[191],"system":[192],"achieves":[197],"figure-of-merit":[199],"(FoM)":[200],"0.71":[202],"e.nJ.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}