{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385187215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093","title":"A Low-Power Neuromorphic CMOS Delta-Sigma Modulator Featuring Tunable Background Attenuation and Potentiostatic Asynchronous Readout for Smart Amperometric Electrochemical Sensors","display_name":"A Low-Power Neuromorphic CMOS Delta-Sigma Modulator Featuring Tunable Background Attenuation and Potentiostatic Asynchronous Readout for Smart Amperometric Electrochemical Sensors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385187215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092527655","display_name":"Javier Cuenca-Michans","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Cuenca-Michans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076744170","display_name":"Joan Aymerich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-6069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["BE","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Aymerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007355640","display_name":"Llu\u00eds Ter\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-411X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Llu\u00eds Ter\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051450955","display_name":"Cecilia Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Jorquera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-0033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Jim\u00e9nez-Jorquera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056485115","display_name":"Francisco Serra-Graells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Serra-Graells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052074339","display_name":"Josep Maria Margarit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-035X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160312","display_name":"Institut de Microelectr\u00f2nica de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/04pnym676","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Maria Margarit-Taul\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr&#x00F3;nica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM(CSIC),Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58632977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.8018380999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6857795119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.6334375143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.502521276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49446535110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4844089150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.4127453565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39677464962005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3906025290489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28998082876205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18665629625320435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.8018380999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6857795119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.6334375143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.502521276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49446535110473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4844089150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.4127453565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39677464962005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3906025290489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28998082876205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18665629625320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10182093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8752480314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRSII5 177255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571389181","https://openalex.org/W1903589471","https://openalex.org/W1966494280","https://openalex.org/W1987886407","https://openalex.org/W2078060525","https://openalex.org/W2128508216","https://openalex.org/W2132970349","https://openalex.org/W2222516137","https://openalex.org/W2292153326","https://openalex.org/W2549069263","https://openalex.org/W2799699673","https://openalex.org/W2801975373","https://openalex.org/W2939234276","https://openalex.org/W3014230954","https://openalex.org/W3205400093","https://openalex.org/W4200140804","https://openalex.org/W4200541365","https://openalex.org/W4283454028","https://openalex.org/W6679388286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2166309310","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W4214914769","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331","https://openalex.org/W1482165582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,70,83,91,100,108],"neuromorphic":[4],"CMOS":[5,95],"Delta-Sigma":[6],"modulator":[7,42],"for":[8,51,82],"the":[9,44,48,61],"robust":[10],"and":[11,32,55,66,113],"energy-efficient":[12],"readout":[13],"of":[14,22,34,47,60,69,104,111],"amperometric":[15],"electrochemical":[16,72,85],"sensors.":[17],"The":[18,41,97],"circuit":[19],"makes":[20],"use":[21],"an":[23],"adaptive":[24],"integrate-and-fire":[25],"scheme":[26],"to":[27],"deliver":[28],"asynchronous":[29],"A/D":[30],"conversion":[31],"attenuation":[33],"background":[35],"currents":[36],"with":[37,107],"minimal":[38],"power":[39,117],"requirements.":[40],"reuses":[43],"dynamic":[45],"characteristics":[46],"electrode-electrolyte":[49],"interface":[50],"quantization":[52],"noise":[53],"shaping,":[54],"it":[56],"offers":[57],"potentiostatic":[58],"control":[59],"voltage":[62],"difference":[63],"between":[64],"working":[65],"reference":[67],"electrodes":[68],"three-electrode":[71],"cell.":[73],"Electrical":[74],"simulation":[75],"results":[76],"are":[77],"reported":[78],"at":[79],"transistor":[80],"level":[81],"smart":[84],"sensor":[86],"currently":[87],"being":[88],"integrated":[89],"in":[90],"1.2-V":[92],"65-nm":[93],"9-metal":[94],"technology.":[96],"frontend":[98],"exhibits":[99],"tunable":[101],"off-band":[102],"rejection":[103],"20":[105],"dB":[106],"peak":[109],"SNR":[110],"61dB":[112],"<tex":[114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$70-\\mu\\mathrm{W}$</tex>":[116],"consumption.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}