{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385187240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988","title":"ViTA: A Vision Transformer Inference Accelerator for Edge Applications","display_name":"ViTA: A Vision Transformer Inference Accelerator for Edge Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385187240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079937406","display_name":"Shashank Nag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shashank Nag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Electrical Engineering,India","Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Electrical Engineering,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017435097","display_name":"Gourav Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-2619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gourav Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087095284","display_name":"Souvik Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-8765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Souvik Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs,San Diego,USA","Intel Labs, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs,San Diego,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009851991","display_name":"Nitin Chandrachoodan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Chandrachoodan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Electrical Engineering,India","Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Electrical Engineering,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084205024","display_name":"Peter A. Beerel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-0168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Beerel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA","Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079937406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9727582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6768472790718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6693634986877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5147426128387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3993087410926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37402743101119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3120890259742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22470176219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17729097604751587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6768472790718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6693634986877441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5147426128387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3993087410926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37402743101119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3120890259742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22470176219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17729097604751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2095885645","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2901214301","https://openalex.org/W2945146780","https://openalex.org/W2973907236","https://openalex.org/W3006098440","https://openalex.org/W3006300330","https://openalex.org/W3047848469","https://openalex.org/W3101086546","https://openalex.org/W3111375540","https://openalex.org/W3132745255","https://openalex.org/W3133696297","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3161703143","https://openalex.org/W3184454880","https://openalex.org/W3196923642","https://openalex.org/W3215192392","https://openalex.org/W4214908790","https://openalex.org/W4226549668","https://openalex.org/W4280595844","https://openalex.org/W4321637298","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4394668313","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6864693536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4321636575","https://openalex.org/W2357796999","https://openalex.org/W2045526782","https://openalex.org/W2741131631","https://openalex.org/W1986418932","https://openalex.org/W4206178588","https://openalex.org/W4287635093","https://openalex.org/W3094491777","https://openalex.org/W3214715529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision":[0],"Transformer":[1],"models,":[2,57,84,132],"such":[3],"as":[4],"ViT,":[5],"Swin":[6],"Transformer,":[7],"and":[8,39,71,90,101,105,146],"Transformer-in-Transformer,":[9],"have":[10],"recently":[11],"gained":[12],"significant":[13],"traction":[14],"in":[15,43,117],"computer":[16],"vision":[17,82,111,130],"tasks":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,23,32,41],"their":[21],"ability":[22],"capture":[24],"the":[25,53],"global":[26],"relation":[27],"between":[28],"features":[29],"which":[30,154],"leads":[31],"superior":[33],"performance.":[34],"However,":[35],"they":[36],"are":[37],"compute-heavy":[38],"difficult":[40],"deploy":[42],"resource-constrained":[44,62,86],"edge":[45,87,159],"devices.":[46],"Existing":[47],"hardware":[48,77,125],"accelerators,":[49],"including":[50],"those":[51],"for":[52,79,158],"closely-related":[54],"BERT":[55],"transformer":[56,83,112,131],"do":[58],"not":[59],"target":[60],"highly":[61],"environments.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,69],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"address":[68],"gap":[70],"propose":[72],"ViTA":[73,156],"-":[74,151],"a":[75,98,134,141],"configurable":[76],"accelerator":[78],"inference":[80],"of":[81,136,143,153],"targeting":[85],"computing":[88],"devices":[89],"avoiding":[91],"repeated":[92],"off-chip":[93],"memory":[94],"accesses.":[95],"We":[96,121],"employ":[97],"head-level":[99],"pipeline":[100],"inter-layer":[102],"MLP":[103],"optimizations,":[104],"can":[106],"support":[107],"several":[108],"commonly":[109],"used":[110],"models":[113],"with":[114,140],"changes":[115],"solely":[116],"our":[118],"control":[119],"logic.":[120],"achieve":[122],"nearly":[123],"90%":[124],"utilization":[126],"efficiency":[127],"on":[128],"most":[129],"report":[133],"power":[135],"0.88W":[137],"when":[138],"synthesised":[139],"clock":[142],"150":[144],"MHz,":[145],"get":[147],"reasonable":[148],"frame":[149],"rates":[150],"all":[152],"makes":[155],"suitable":[157],"applications.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}