{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384947530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869","title":"A 5.99 TFLOPS/W Heterogeneous CIM-NPU Architecture for an Energy Efficient Floating-Point DNN Acceleration","display_name":"A 5.99 TFLOPS/W Heterogeneous CIM-NPU Architecture for an Energy Efficient Floating-Point DNN Acceleration","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384947530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083971339","display_name":"Won-Hoon Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonhoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027286037","display_name":"Junha Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-3085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junha Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748581","display_name":"Sangjin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074016364","display_name":"Soyeon Um","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyeon Um","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015963917","display_name":"Wooyoung Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-3572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wooyoung Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091303997","display_name":"S.D. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangyoeb Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Repubilc of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92682669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6957853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6893444061279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5870990753173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5763435959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5396672487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.48679110407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4744590222835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.45808684825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3467583656311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33353060483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2816019654273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19885680079460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12939724326133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.12664026021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11765477061271667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6957853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6893444061279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5870990753173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5763435959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5396672487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48679110407829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4744590222835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.45808684825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3467583656311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33353060483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2816019654273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19885680079460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12939724326133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.12664026021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11765477061271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920866490","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W3183406752","https://openalex.org/W3193784739","https://openalex.org/W3208633927","https://openalex.org/W4220686330","https://openalex.org/W4221101426","https://openalex.org/W4286571878","https://openalex.org/W4308090212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W3006513224","https://openalex.org/W2046456988","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2357409937","https://openalex.org/W2510582230","https://openalex.org/W2978674666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"energy-efficient":[4],"digital-based":[5],"computing-in-memory":[6],"(CIM)":[7],"processor":[8,37],"to":[9,31,56,70,76,107],"support":[10],"floating-point":[11],"(FP)":[12],"deep":[13],"neural":[14],"network":[15],"(DNN)":[16],"acceleration.":[17],"Previous":[18],"FP-CIM":[19],"processors":[20],"have":[21],"two":[22],"limitations.":[23],"Processors":[24],"with":[25,38,139],"post-alignment":[26],"shows":[27],"low":[28],"throughput":[29],"due":[30,69],"serial":[32],"operation,":[33],"and":[34,87,96,125],"the":[35,50],"other":[36],"pre-alignment":[39],"incurs":[40],"truncation":[41],"error.":[42],"To":[43],"resolve":[44],"these":[45],"problems,":[46],"we":[47],"focus":[48],"on":[49],"statistics":[51],"that":[52],"outlier":[53,65,98],"exists":[54],"according":[55],"shift":[57],"amount":[58],"in":[59,112,120],"pre-alignment-based":[60],"FP":[61],"operation.":[62],"As":[63,129],"those":[64],"decreases":[66],"energy":[67],"efficiency":[68],"long":[71],"operation":[72],"cycles,":[73],"it":[74,132],"needs":[75],"be":[77],"processed":[78],"separately.":[79],"The":[80,115],"proposed":[81,116],"Hetero-FP-CIM":[82,117],"integrates":[83],"both":[84,93],"CIM":[85],"arrays":[86],"shared":[88,113],"NPU,":[89],"so":[90],"they":[91],"compute":[92],"dense":[94],"inlier":[95],"sparse":[97],"respectively.":[99],"It":[100],"also":[101],"includes":[102],"efficient":[103],"weight":[104,110],"caching":[105],"system":[106],"avoid":[108],"entire":[109],"copy":[111],"NPU.":[114],"is":[118],"simulated":[119],"28":[121],"nm":[122],"CMOS":[123],"technology":[124],"occupies":[126],"2.7":[127],"mm2.":[128],"a":[130],"result,":[131],"achieves":[133],"5.99":[134],"TOPS/W":[135],"at":[136],"ImageNet":[137],"(ResNet50)":[138],"bfloat16":[140],"representation.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}