{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385079985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580","title":"A Subthreshold-Inverter-Based Strong PUF with High Reliability and Energy Efficiency","display_name":"A Subthreshold-Inverter-Based Strong PUF with High Reliability and Energy Efficiency","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385079985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102537302","display_name":"Qiaozhou Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaozhou Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038794395","display_name":"Haibiao Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibiao Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067118020","display_name":"Jiacheng Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065818226","display_name":"Xiaojin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102537302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09092337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.5813311338424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.551508367061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.5400699973106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5070624351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4920803904533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.459620863199234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.45821163058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.4559744596481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4395117163658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4354497194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmos-logic","display_name":"PMOS logic","score":0.4297114610671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34902381896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3352311849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3216472566127777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22833338379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2220640778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18172550201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1514820158481598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.5813311338424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.551508367061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.5400699973106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5070624351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4920803904533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.459620863199234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45821163058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.4559744596481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4395117163658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4354497194290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27050352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173605","display_name":"PMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.4297114610671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34902381896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3352311849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3216472566127777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22833338379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2220640778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18172550201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1514820158481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G328225002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62174111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749093550","https://openalex.org/W2767905988","https://openalex.org/W2887485041","https://openalex.org/W2961729905","https://openalex.org/W2977109867","https://openalex.org/W2979803752","https://openalex.org/W2980530771","https://openalex.org/W3002189921","https://openalex.org/W3088265101","https://openalex.org/W3094433534","https://openalex.org/W3103339143","https://openalex.org/W3172111339","https://openalex.org/W3202408014","https://openalex.org/W3202480774","https://openalex.org/W4221096060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386261925","https://openalex.org/W2048420745","https://openalex.org/W2082944690","https://openalex.org/W2263373136","https://openalex.org/W1914349328","https://openalex.org/W1811213809","https://openalex.org/W2160067645","https://openalex.org/W2023334077","https://openalex.org/W2005494397","https://openalex.org/W2918058197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"strong":[7,91,153],"physical":[8],"unclonable":[9],"function":[10],"(PUF)":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13],"subthreshold":[14],"inverters":[15],"(STIs)":[16],"that":[17],"are":[18],"regulated":[19],"by":[20],"a":[21,97],"native":[22],"NMOS":[23],"transistor.":[24],"Two":[25],"groups":[26],"of":[27,47,147],"STIs":[28,48],"can":[29,77],"be":[30,131,140],"dynamically":[31],"regrouped":[32],"to":[33,37,113,118,130,139,158],"4":[34],"stages":[35,57,66],"according":[36],"the":[38,54,59,63,69,72,89,105,122,134,144,151],"provided":[39],"challenge,":[40],"with":[41],"each":[42],"stage":[43],"having":[44],"different":[45],"number":[46],"connected":[49],"in":[50],"parallel.":[51],"By":[52],"adopting":[53],"first":[55],"two":[56,65],"as":[58],"entropy":[60],"source":[61],"and":[62,85,107,115,170],"last":[64],"for":[67],"generating":[68],"PUF":[70,92,154],"bits,":[71],"equivalent":[73],"4-stage":[74],"STI":[75],"chain":[76],"exhibit":[78],"high":[79,156],"reliability":[80],"under":[81],"largely":[82],"varied":[83],"temperature":[84,106],"supply":[86,108],"voltage.":[87],"Moreover,":[88,150],"proposed":[90,152],"implementation":[93],"is":[94,128,137],"validated":[95],"using":[96],"standard":[98],"65-nm":[99],"1.2":[100],"V":[101,117],"CMOS":[102],"process.":[103],"With":[104],"voltage":[109],"changing":[110],"from":[111],"0\u00b0C":[112],"120\u00b0C":[114],"0.7":[116],"1.5":[119],"V,":[120],"respectively,":[121],"worst-case":[123],"bit":[124],"error":[125],"rate":[126],"(BER)":[127],"reported":[129],"5.025%.":[132],"Meanwhile,":[133],"energy":[135],"consumption":[136],"simulated":[138],"0.26":[141],"pJ/bit":[142],"at":[143],"maximum":[145],"throughput":[146],"10":[148],"Mb/s.":[149],"shows":[155],"resilience":[157],"various":[159],"machine":[160,169],"learning":[161],"(ML)":[162],"attacks,":[163],"including":[164],"logistic":[165],"regression,":[166],"support":[167],"vector":[168],"covariance":[171],"matrix":[172],"adaptation":[173],"evolution":[174],"strategy.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
