{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384947618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435","title":"282-to-607 TOPS/W, 7T-SRAM Based CiM with Reconfigurable Column SAR ADC for Neural Network Processing","display_name":"282-to-607 TOPS/W, 7T-SRAM Based CiM with Reconfigurable Column SAR ADC for Neural Network Processing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384947618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058422026","display_name":"Qibang Zang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qibang Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366004","display_name":"Lu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003541204","display_name":"Chengshuo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-7871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengshuo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011907615","display_name":"Junjie Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076628109","display_name":"Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035469250","display_name":"Bongjin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bongjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara, California,United States","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara, California,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989428","display_name":"Dongrui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-3886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongrui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025205426","display_name":"Anh Tuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0974-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh Tuan Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058422026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78737636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5463665723800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.49427199363708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.46353793144226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.4492892920970917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4386081397533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-significant-bit","display_name":"Least significant bit","score":0.41586434841156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.382683128118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3712831139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3596636652946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.328716903924942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2844754755496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24008908867835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20601505041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18734240531921387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5463665723800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.49427199363708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.46353793144226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.4492892920970917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4386081397533417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4305246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3885225","display_name":"Least significant bit","level":2,"score":0.41586434841156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.382683128118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3712831139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3596636652946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.328716903924942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2844754755496979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24008908867835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20601505041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18734240531921387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181435","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2898665561","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2966285227","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3099871312","https://openalex.org/W3120225267","https://openalex.org/W3159077147","https://openalex.org/W3164913974","https://openalex.org/W4214833843","https://openalex.org/W4226402784","https://openalex.org/W4237869567","https://openalex.org/W6803268662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4388700941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compute":[0],"in":[1,24,133,176],"memory":[2,21],"(":[3],"<tex":[4,118,188],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,119,189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$C$</tex>":[6,190],"iM)":[7],"is":[8,38,73,82,129,141,154,181],"a":[9,30,51,65,134],"promising":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12,173],"solving":[13],"the":[14,42,58,85,160,177],"bottleneck":[15],"of":[16,138,151,170],"frequent":[17],"data":[18],"interface":[19],"between":[20],"and":[22,48,61,106,145],"processor":[23],"Von-Neumann":[25],"architecture.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"work,":[29],"hybrid":[31],"current/charge":[32],"domain":[33],"7T-SRAM":[34],"based":[35],"CiM":[36],"architecture":[37,166],"proposed":[39,74,80],"to":[40,68,75,104,112,125,159,185],"mitigate":[41],"PVT-induced":[43],"RBL":[44,116],"variation":[45,117],"during":[46],"computation":[47],"thus":[49],"offer":[50],"better":[52],"linearity":[53],"without":[54],"significant":[55],"impact":[56],"on":[57],"operating":[59],"frequency":[60],"area":[62],"efficiency.":[63],"Additionally,":[64],"column-referenced":[66],"1b":[67],"5b":[69,93],"reconfigurable":[70],"SAR":[71],"ADC":[72,95],"support":[76],"multi-bit":[77],"output.":[78],"The":[79,92,114,164],"design":[81],"verified":[83],"by":[84],"Monte-Carlo":[86],"simulations":[87],"using":[88],"40nm":[89],"CMOS":[90],"technology.":[91],"mode":[94],"transferred":[96],"MAC":[97,122,126,178],"curve's":[98],"DNL":[99],"(LSB)":[100,108],"ranges":[101,109],"from":[102,110,121],"\u22120.025":[103],"0.02":[105],"INL":[107],"\u22120.13":[111],"0.25.":[113],"largest":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\sigma)$</tex>":[120],"value":[123,127],"\u221264":[124],"+64":[128],"2.08":[130],"mV,":[131],"resulting":[132],"MNIST":[135],"classification":[136,149],"accuracy":[137,150],"97.5%,":[139],"which":[140,153,180],"only":[142,155],"0.1%":[143],"degradation":[144,157],"Google":[146],"Speech":[147],"Command":[148],"80.5%,":[152],"0.5%":[156],"compared":[158,184],"software":[161],"baseline,":[162],"respectively.":[163],"whole":[165],"offers":[167],"energy":[168],"efficiency":[169],"282-to-607":[171],"TOPS/W":[172],"1-5b":[174],"output":[175],"operation,":[179],"competitive":[182],"when":[183],"other":[186],"state-of-art":[187],"iM":[191],"architectures.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}