{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385079997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424","title":"A Novel Active Pixel Sensor Architecture with In-Pixel Chopping and Switched Biasing to Reduce the Low-Frequency Noise","display_name":"A Novel Active Pixel Sensor Architecture with In-Pixel Chopping and Switched Biasing to Reduce the Low-Frequency Noise","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385079997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084922188","display_name":"Kapil Jainwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2337-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil Jainwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai,India","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060292436","display_name":"Mukul Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-8787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukul Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,New Delhi,India","Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,New Delhi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.521554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7778090238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.6272140741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6138371229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.5617771744728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.47906407713890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41669023036956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39927899837493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2647539973258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2551320791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.20680081844329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1996675729751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1972622573375702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.0962083637714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.054831355810165405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7778090238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.6272140741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6138371229171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.5617771744728088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.47906407713890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41669023036956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39927899837493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2647539973258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2551320791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.20680081844329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1996675729751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1972622573375702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0962083637714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.054831355810165405}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181424","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576002325","https://openalex.org/W1928193954","https://openalex.org/W1978223632","https://openalex.org/W2026302983","https://openalex.org/W2067589847","https://openalex.org/W2068553033","https://openalex.org/W2093218199","https://openalex.org/W2100213726","https://openalex.org/W2102524343","https://openalex.org/W2104609839","https://openalex.org/W2112611349","https://openalex.org/W2122340631","https://openalex.org/W2123676615","https://openalex.org/W2133418607","https://openalex.org/W2147767292","https://openalex.org/W2160489724","https://openalex.org/W2163811242","https://openalex.org/W2166535941","https://openalex.org/W2171131082","https://openalex.org/W2177721770","https://openalex.org/W2204402482","https://openalex.org/W2396620337","https://openalex.org/W2885170994","https://openalex.org/W2887071745","https://openalex.org/W2914911314","https://openalex.org/W2963628702","https://openalex.org/W4210764419","https://openalex.org/W4317603597","https://openalex.org/W6604090692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2217098757","https://openalex.org/W3208688275","https://openalex.org/W2088771128","https://openalex.org/W1650778624","https://openalex.org/W2263373136","https://openalex.org/W2796085262","https://openalex.org/W190245591","https://openalex.org/W2082944690","https://openalex.org/W2022549222","https://openalex.org/W1486119332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"a":[3,43,99,114,139],"novel":[4],"low-noise":[5],"active":[6],"pixel":[7,47,85,125],"sensor":[8,41,101,111],"(APS)":[9],"is":[10,31,42,73,126,157],"proposed":[11,40,124],"which":[12],"deploys":[13],"in-pixel":[14,58,160],"chopping":[15,161,165],"and":[16,79,170],"switched":[17,71,171],"biasing":[18,72],"to":[19],"reduce":[20],"the":[21,32,36,84],"temporal":[22,37],"noise.":[23,38],"The":[24,39,70,88,110,123],"source":[25],"follower":[26],"(SF)":[27],"of":[28,35,113,117,131,141,153],"an":[29,49,129],"APS":[30],"major":[33],"contributor":[34],"modified":[44],"conventional":[45],"3T":[46],"with":[48,128,162],"nwell/psub":[50],"photodiode":[51],"(PD)":[52],"as":[53],"photo-sensing":[54],"element.":[55],"To":[56],"implement":[57],"chopping,":[59],"two":[60,76],"minimal":[61],"sized":[62],"additional":[63],"nMOS":[64],"switches":[65,81],"are":[66,92],"used":[67],"per":[68],"pixel.":[69],"implemented":[74],"using":[75],"column-level":[77],"(ps":[78],"ns)":[80],"without":[82],"affecting":[83],"fill-factor":[86],"(FF).":[87],"noise":[89,145],"reduction":[90,146],"techniques":[91],"validated":[93],"through":[94],"measured":[95],"results":[96],"obtained":[97],"from":[98,108,159],"prototype":[100],"fabricated":[102],"in":[103,149],"350":[104],"nm":[105],"OPTO":[106],"process":[107],"AMS.":[109],"consists":[112],"2-D":[115],"array":[116],"<tex":[118,132,167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[119,133,168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$128\\times":[120],"128$</tex>":[121],"pixels.":[122],"designed":[127],"area":[130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$11\\mu":[134],"\\mathrm{m}\\times":[135],"11\\mu":[136],"\\mathrm{m}$</tex>":[137],"achieving":[138],"FF":[140],"35%.":[142],"A":[143],"total":[144],"(and":[147],"enhancement":[148],"dynamic":[150],"range":[151],"(DR))":[152],"around":[154],"16":[155],"dB":[156],"achieved":[158],"8":[163],"MHz":[164],"frequency":[166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(f_{\\text{ch}})$</tex>":[169],"biasing.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}