{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384947659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403","title":"TrojanSAINT: Gate-Level Netlist Sampling-Based Inductive Learning for Hardware Trojan Detection","display_name":"TrojanSAINT: Gate-Level Netlist Sampling-Based Inductive Learning for Hardware Trojan Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384947659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061701113","display_name":"Hazem Lashen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Lashen","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University,Abu Dhabi","New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University,Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030348801","display_name":"Lilas Alrahis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilas Alrahis","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University,Abu Dhabi","New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University,Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052751303","display_name":"Johann Knechtel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-2939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Knechtel","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University,Abu Dhabi","New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University,Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059987567","display_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-0397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozgur Sinanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University,Abu Dhabi","New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University,Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2266,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98874525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.9576851725578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.7270038723945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229248881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.5669152736663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4634985625743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44864118099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4305211901664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.422812283039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3633040189743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3264209032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0787079930305481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.9576851725578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.7270038723945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229248881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.5669152736663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4634985625743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44864118099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4305211901664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.422812283039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3633040189743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3264209032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0787079930305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas46773.2023.10181403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967949394","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2906523457","https://openalex.org/W2949090999","https://openalex.org/W2961295589","https://openalex.org/W2963454111","https://openalex.org/W3082788022","https://openalex.org/W3102860735","https://openalex.org/W3136584292","https://openalex.org/W3183146245","https://openalex.org/W3183885212","https://openalex.org/W3184885667","https://openalex.org/W3186572303","https://openalex.org/W3187009719","https://openalex.org/W3198329143","https://openalex.org/W3198511427","https://openalex.org/W3200855694","https://openalex.org/W3212416488","https://openalex.org/W4280640024","https://openalex.org/W4288064514","https://openalex.org/W4293243546","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4310515162","https://openalex.org/W4311080747","https://openalex.org/W4312121031","https://openalex.org/W4312121136","https://openalex.org/W4312608192","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6739879593","https://openalex.org/W6757660625","https://openalex.org/W6765543928","https://openalex.org/W6792165375","https://openalex.org/W6801709446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W2795151239","https://openalex.org/W2800991926","https://openalex.org/W2724859555","https://openalex.org/W3160241274","https://openalex.org/W2536483783","https://openalex.org/W3040363299","https://openalex.org/W3114336057","https://openalex.org/W2756672502","https://openalex.org/W2903337714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,85],"propose":[1],"TrojanSAINT,":[2],"a":[3,30],"graph":[4],"neural":[5],"network":[6],"(GNN)-based":[7],"hardware":[8],"Trojan":[9],"(HT)":[10],"detection":[11],"scheme":[12],"working":[13],"at":[14],"the":[15],"gate":[16],"level.":[17],"Unlike":[18],"prior":[19,80],"GNN-based":[20],"art,":[21],"TrojanSAINT":[22,28,43,68,77],"enables":[23],"both":[24],"pre-/post-silicon":[25],"HT":[26,63],"detection.":[27],"leverages":[29],"sampling-based":[31],"GNN":[32],"framework":[33],"to":[34],"detect":[35],"and":[36,53,73,82,90],"also":[37],"localize":[38],"HTs.":[39],"For":[40,65],"practical":[41],"validation,":[42,67],"achieves":[44,70],"on":[45,60],"average":[46],"(oa)":[47],"78%":[48],"true":[49,55],"positive":[50],"rate":[51,57],"(TPR)":[52],"85%":[54],"negative":[56],"(TNR),":[58],"respectively,":[59],"various":[61],"TrustHub":[62],"benchmarks.":[64],"best-case":[66],"even":[69],"98%":[71],"TPR":[72],"96%":[74],"TNR":[75],"oa.":[76],"outperforms":[78],"related":[79],"works":[81],"baseline":[83],"classifiers.":[84],"release":[86],"our":[87],"source":[88],"codes":[89],"result":[91],"artifacts.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
