{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091065157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","title":"A Random Number Generator Based on Irregular Sampling and Transient Effect Ring Oscillators","display_name":"A Random Number Generator Based on Irregular Sampling and Transient Effect Ring Oscillators","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091065157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","mag":"3091065157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025845884","display_name":"Burak Acar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-7549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burak Acar","raw_affiliation_strings":["TÜ BÏTAK − Informatics and Information Security Research Center, PO 74, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TÜ BÏTAK − Informatics and Information Security Research Center, PO 74, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038657581","display_name":"Salih Erg\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salih Erg\u00fcn","raw_affiliation_strings":["TÜ BÏTAK − Informatics and Information Security Research Center, PO 74, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TÜ BÏTAK − Informatics and Information Security Research Center, PO 74, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025845884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62194999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.7957020998001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7820045948028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7567020058631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6391065120697021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.6179792284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6148672103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.5857536196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.487676739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.46145614981651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4267405569553375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4218411445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.350435733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3378759026527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2609134316444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1748044490814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15045166015625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.7957020998001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7820045948028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7567020058631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6391065120697021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6179792284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6148672103881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.5857536196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.487676739692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.46145614981651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4267405569553375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4218411445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.350435733795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3378759026527405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2609134316444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1748044490814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15045166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9181193","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537450689","https://openalex.org/W1580991036","https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1968261083","https://openalex.org/W1970099061","https://openalex.org/W1980497723","https://openalex.org/W2003200152","https://openalex.org/W2166261478","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2222004427","https://openalex.org/W2289605772","https://openalex.org/W2696718061","https://openalex.org/W2773228113","https://openalex.org/W2911971938","https://openalex.org/W2921889884","https://openalex.org/W2966695223","https://openalex.org/W2970412418","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W6766970834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W4378574941","https://openalex.org/W2910439186","https://openalex.org/W2247946197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,166],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,11,33,47,72,89,98,122,139,175,197],"FPGA":[4],"(Field":[5],"Programmable":[6],"Gate":[7],"Array)":[8],"implementation":[9],"and":[10,32,88,118,183],"coupling":[12,162],"analysis":[13],"of":[14,42,53,81,104],"a":[15,62,148,202],"metastability-based":[16],"random":[17,34],"number":[18,103],"generator":[19],"(RNG).":[20],"The":[21],"metastability":[22],"is":[23,37,50,59,69,125,178],"acquired":[24],"through":[25,39],"exploiting":[26],"transient":[27],"effect":[28],"ring":[29,134,140],"oscillators":[30,141],"(TEROs)":[31],"bit":[35],"generation":[36],"accomplished":[38],"irregular":[40],"sampling":[41],"regular":[43],"waveform":[44],"method.":[45],"As":[46],"proposed":[48,90,99,123,176,198],"RNG":[49,73,91,100,124,177,205],"made":[51],"up":[52],"only":[54],"digital":[55],"logic":[56],"gates,":[57],"it":[58],"prototyped":[60],"on":[61],"Xilinx":[63],"ZedBoard":[64],"Zynq-7000":[65],"evaluation":[66],"platform.":[67],"It":[68],"demonstrated":[70],"that":[71,157,169],"output":[74],"bitstream":[75],"satisfies":[76],"NIST":[77],"800-22":[78],"statistical":[79],"tests":[80],"randomness":[82],"without":[83],"any":[84],"need":[85],"for":[86],"post-processing":[87],"can":[92],"provide":[93],"high":[94],"data":[95],"throughput.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"uses":[101],"less":[102],"components":[105],"compared":[106,207],"to":[107,127,144,153,161,180,189,201,208],"previously":[108],"reported":[109],"TERO":[110,184],"based":[111,129,137,173,211],"RNGs,":[112,138,174],"thus":[113],"enabling":[114],"lower":[115],"power":[116],"consumption":[117],"smaller":[119],"footprint.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"subjected":[126],"correlation":[128],"cryptanalysis":[130],"study.":[131],"In":[132],"classical":[133,171,209],"oscillator":[135],"(RO)":[136],"are":[142,186],"required":[143,188],"be":[145,190],"placed":[146,191],"at":[147],"distance":[149],"from":[150,193],"each":[151,194],"other":[152],"avoid":[154],"locking":[155,181],"phenomenon":[156,182],"may":[158],"occur":[159],"due":[160],"between":[163],"adjacent":[164],"ROs.":[165],"study":[167],"demonstrates":[168],"unlike":[170],"RO":[172,210],"insensitive":[179],"structures":[185],"not":[187],"way":[192],"other.":[195],"Therefore,":[196],"method":[199],"lead":[200],"more":[203],"compact":[204],"design":[206],"RNGs.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}