{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801177912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","title":"Quarter Video Graphics Array Full-Digital Image Sensing with Wide Dynamic Range and Linear Output Using Pixel-Wise 3D Integration","display_name":"Quarter Video Graphics Array Full-Digital Image Sensing with Wide Dynamic Range and Linear Output Using Pixel-Wise 3D Integration","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801177912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","mag":"2801177912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017726683","display_name":"Masahide Goto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1388-4488"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masahide Goto","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771256","display_name":"Yuki Honda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-8382"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Honda","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111503154","display_name":"Toshihisa Watabe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihisa Watabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102125236","display_name":"Kei Hagiwara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Hagiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083956431","display_name":"Masakazu Nanba","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masakazu Nanba","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113752249","display_name":"Yoshinori Iguchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshinori Iguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036826888","display_name":"Takuya Saraya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-7747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Saraya","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071031997","display_name":"Masaharu Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaharu Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074618363","display_name":"Eiji Higurashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-4203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eiji Higurashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004166791","display_name":"Hiroshi Toshiyoshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3678-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Toshiyoshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091874162","display_name":"Toshiro Hiramoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiro Hiramoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017726683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73156919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7653452754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.737378716468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6275841593742371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.5693948864936829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5490735173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-and-integration","display_name":"Time delay and integration","score":0.5424625873565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5382549166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.537970244884491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Analog-to-digital converter","score":0.496681272983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.4439203441143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.419047474861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-dynamic-range","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","score":0.41660308837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34169554710388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33148717880249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3076205849647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17948856949806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.177801251411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17022758722305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1592700481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12484234571456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.10101005434989929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7653452754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.737378716468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6275841593742371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.5693948864936829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5490735173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.5424625873565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5382549166679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.537970244884491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777271169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190169","display_name":"Analog-to-digital converter","level":3,"score":0.496681272983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.4439203441143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.419047474861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7998640","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.41660308837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34169554710388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33148717880249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3076205849647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17948856949806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.177801251411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17022758722305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1592700481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12484234571456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.10101005434989929}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594546823","https://openalex.org/W1529634647","https://openalex.org/W1531458851","https://openalex.org/W1909643950","https://openalex.org/W1981612049","https://openalex.org/W2017209795","https://openalex.org/W2059556568","https://openalex.org/W2064050377","https://openalex.org/W2103136129","https://openalex.org/W2104915008","https://openalex.org/W2112996159","https://openalex.org/W2136879929","https://openalex.org/W2172254323","https://openalex.org/W2541418790","https://openalex.org/W2542903214","https://openalex.org/W2566161284","https://openalex.org/W2605624165","https://openalex.org/W4229864936","https://openalex.org/W6645664700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601922992","https://openalex.org/W2136888551","https://openalex.org/W2995437883","https://openalex.org/W2789062182","https://openalex.org/W1983441360","https://openalex.org/W1987600949","https://openalex.org/W2101061064","https://openalex.org/W1965466759","https://openalex.org/W2507300456","https://openalex.org/W597017304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,48,124],"have":[1,49],"developed":[2,108],"a":[3,45,53,58,62,97,130],"quarter":[4],"video":[5,127],"graphics":[6],"array":[7],"(QVGA)":[8],"chip":[9,100,110],"for":[10,55,96],"full-digital":[11,28],"image":[12,140],"sensing":[13,141],"by":[14,80],"using":[15],"three-dimensional":[16],"(3D)":[17],"integration":[18,83],"technology.":[19],"In-pixel":[20],"pulse-frequency":[21],"modulation":[22],"(PFM)":[23],"analog-to-digital":[24],"converter":[25],"(ADC)":[26],"gives":[27],"imaging":[29],"pixel,":[30],"which":[31],"is":[32],"known":[33],"to":[34,39,65],"overcome":[35],"signal":[36],"saturation":[37],"due":[38],"the":[40,138,145],"full":[41],"well":[42],"capacity":[43],"of":[44,87,119,134],"photodiode":[46],"(PD).":[47],"also":[50,125],"newly":[51],"designed":[52],"PFM-ADC":[54],"pixels":[56],"with":[57,84,129],"pinned":[59],"PD":[60],"and":[61,69,73,103,115],"floating":[63],"diffusion":[64],"achieve":[66],"high":[67,131,149],"sensitivity":[68],"low":[70],"noise.":[71],"PDs":[72],"ADCs":[74],"were":[75],"stacked":[76],"into":[77],"two":[78],"layers":[79],"pixel-wise":[81],"3D":[82],"gold":[85],"electrodes":[86],"5":[88],"\u03bcm":[89],"in":[90,101],"diameter,":[91],"thereby":[92],"enabling":[93],"QVGA":[94],"resolution":[95],"20-mm":[98],"square":[99],"0.18-\u03bcm":[102],"0.2-\u03bcm":[104],"process":[105],"nodes.":[106],"The":[107],"sensor":[109],"exhibited":[111],"an":[112],"excellent":[113],"linearity":[114],"wide":[116],"dynamic":[117],"range":[118],"more":[120],"than":[121],"96":[122],"dB.":[123],"obtained":[126],"images":[128],"bit":[132],"depth":[133],"16":[135],"bit,":[136],"demonstrating":[137],"superior":[139],"that":[142],"can":[143],"capture":[144],"real":[146],"world":[147],"at":[148],"fidelity.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
