{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1599272361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","title":"A hierarchical IP protection approach for hard IP cores","display_name":"A hierarchical IP protection approach for hard IP cores","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1599272361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","mag":"1599272361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409523","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013130939","display_name":"Haie Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100409523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03566494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":null,"first_page":"1566","last_page":"1569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7295361757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.6487812995910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.6011159420013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-tunnel","display_name":"IP tunnel","score":0.561341404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5161389112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4864889979362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-address-management","display_name":"IP address management","score":0.4776417315006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3924589455127716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol-suite","display_name":"Internet protocol suite","score":0.39178404211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.335477352142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2812691032886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.20651233196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1402120292186737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7295361757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.6487812995910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.6011159420013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10790986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442343","display_name":"IP tunnel","level":4,"score":0.561341404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5161389112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4864889979362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201980515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13219707","display_name":"IP address management","level":4,"score":0.4776417315006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3924589455127716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65567647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81414","display_name":"Internet protocol suite","level":3,"score":0.39178404211997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.335477352142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2812691032886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.20651233196258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1402120292186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1925457904","https://openalex.org/W1976514833","https://openalex.org/W2022168092","https://openalex.org/W2041686825","https://openalex.org/W2056167301","https://openalex.org/W2070196900","https://openalex.org/W2070402310","https://openalex.org/W2119749816","https://openalex.org/W2120270451","https://openalex.org/W2160660708","https://openalex.org/W2169091116","https://openalex.org/W6655818437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383818951","https://openalex.org/W2044439414","https://openalex.org/W2279081968","https://openalex.org/W3150968305","https://openalex.org/W2342233732","https://openalex.org/W2355476181","https://openalex.org/W2263285819","https://openalex.org/W1906527310","https://openalex.org/W2379578650","https://openalex.org/W3188315180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hard":[0],"IP":[1,7,34,48,63,72,88,108,119,136],"cores":[2,73,89,120],"are":[3],"usually":[4],"delivered":[5],"by":[6],"vendors":[8],"for":[9],"high":[10],"value":[11],"and":[12,40,55,77,96,110,145],"performance-critical":[13],"system":[14],"components":[15],"used":[16],"in":[17,135],"SoC":[18],"designs.":[19],"Although":[20],"not":[21],"allowing":[22],"direct":[23],"access":[24],"to":[25,59],"the":[26,53,69,71,78,82,87,100,107,111,118,128,154,158],"behavioral":[27],"design,":[28],"hard":[29,62],"IPs":[30],"still":[31],"face":[32],"various":[33],"infringements":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"illegal":[38,115],"usage":[39],"reverse":[41,93],"engineering.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46,66,103],"hierarchical":[47],"protection":[49,129,155],"approach,":[50],"which":[51],"combines":[52],"behavioral-level":[54],"physical-level":[56],"design":[57,79],"properties":[58],"lock":[60],"each":[61],"core":[64],"with":[65],"key.":[67],"Without":[68],"key":[70,101],"cannot":[74],"work":[75],"properly,":[76],"manipulation":[80],"at":[81],"physical":[83],"level":[84],"also":[85],"makes":[86,157],"operate":[90],"incorrectly":[91],"after":[92],"engineering,":[94],"resynthesis":[95],"replacement&reroute.":[97],"In":[98],"addition,":[99],"is":[102],"unique":[104],"signature":[105],"representing":[106],"vendor":[109],"buyer,":[112],"so":[113],"that":[114,127],"redistribution":[116],"of":[117,153],"can":[121],"be":[122],"traced.":[123],"Experimental":[124],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"approach":[130,159],"only":[131],"introduces":[132],"small":[133],"overheads":[134],"cores'":[137],"power":[138],"consumption":[139],"(<;":[140,143,149],"0.4%),":[141],"area":[142],"3.5%)":[144],"critical":[146],"path":[147],"delay":[148],"3.8%).":[150],"The":[151],"construction":[152],"circuit":[156],"secure":[160],"against":[161],"possible":[162],"attacks.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}