{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585795671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","title":"Energy-efficient neuromorphic computation based on compound spin synapse with stochastic learning","display_name":"Energy-efficient neuromorphic computation based on compound spin synapse with stochastic learning","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585795671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","mag":"1585795671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015796602","display_name":"Deming Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004861658","display_name":"Lang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-1087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039479779","display_name":"Yuanzhuo Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhuo Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013461279","display_name":"Youguang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youguang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079718412","display_name":"Zhang Mengxing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Mengxing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066473925","display_name":"Weisheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spintronics Interdisciplinary Center, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663599","display_name":"Tianqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8255-985X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445148","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-3544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, CN","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015796602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86036146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1538","last_page":"1541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9538136720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.9072787165641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synapse","display_name":"Synapse","score":0.722066342830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5786781311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.4783194363117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47503143548965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4441545903682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43014055490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41525566577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4145812392234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3594890832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2665504217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2457810342311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.20309513807296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1767674684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1526525318622589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0917445719242096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9538136720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.9072787165641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.722066342830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5786781311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.4783194363117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47503143548965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4441545903682709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43014055490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41525566577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4145812392234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3594890832901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2665504217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2457810342311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.20309513807296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1767674684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1526525318622589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0917445719242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964529921","https://openalex.org/W1979799588","https://openalex.org/W1985887979","https://openalex.org/W1994435842","https://openalex.org/W2003619715","https://openalex.org/W2012923077","https://openalex.org/W2060694887","https://openalex.org/W2064814573","https://openalex.org/W2067856946","https://openalex.org/W2069006114","https://openalex.org/W2069012355","https://openalex.org/W2077751791","https://openalex.org/W2083252150","https://openalex.org/W2089397153","https://openalex.org/W2096445739","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2120557145","https://openalex.org/W2148267286","https://openalex.org/W2164853001","https://openalex.org/W3100500103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137378424","https://openalex.org/W2809732489","https://openalex.org/W4287780255","https://openalex.org/W3023361272","https://openalex.org/W4391092513","https://openalex.org/W2612269878","https://openalex.org/W4386216112","https://openalex.org/W4281699635","https://openalex.org/W4321472116","https://openalex.org/W2588565308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"magnetic":[1],"tunnel":[2],"junction":[3],"with":[4,95],"in-plane":[5],"magnetization":[6],"(i-MTJ)":[7],"has":[8,82],"been":[9,83],"exploited":[10],"to":[11,61],"behave":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,36,62],"binary":[15],"stochastic":[16,63,92],"synapse.":[17],"However,":[18],"it":[19,81],"suffers":[20],"from":[21],"its":[22],"limited":[23],"level":[24],"of":[25],"synaptic":[26,53,71],"weight,":[27],"resulting":[28],"in":[29,45],"an":[30,51],"inaccurate":[31],"learning.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"work,":[35],"compound":[37,87],"synapse":[38],"that":[39,85],"employs":[40],"multiple":[41],"perpendicular":[42],"MTJs":[43],"(p-MTJs)":[44],"series":[46],"is":[47],"proposed.":[48],"It":[49],"possesses":[50],"analog-like":[52],"weight":[54],"under":[55],"weak":[56],"programming":[57],"conditions,":[58],"which":[59],"leads":[60],"learning":[64],"rule":[65],"and":[66,98],"low":[67,99],"power":[68],"consumption":[69],"per":[70],"event.":[72],"By":[73],"performing":[74],"system-level":[75],"simulations":[76],"on":[77],"the":[78],"MNIST":[79],"database,":[80],"demonstrated":[84],"such":[86],"spin":[88],"synapses":[89],"can":[90],"realize":[91],"neuromorphic":[93],"computation":[94],"high":[96],"accuracy":[97],"energy":[100],"consumption.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-10T06:12:57.905455","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
