{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600584509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","title":"Racetrack converter: A low power and compact data converter using racetrack spintronic devices","display_name":"Racetrack converter: A low power and compact data converter using racetrack spintronic devices","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600584509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","mag":"1600584509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007468197","display_name":"Qing Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1380-269X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076619099","display_name":"Kaiyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-9389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073949066","display_name":"Laura Fick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Fick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110074219","display_name":"David Fick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Fick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026311377","display_name":"David Blaauw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Blaauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000767141","display_name":"Dennis Sylvester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sylvester","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81045109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"585","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanowire","display_name":"Nanowire","score":0.7277491092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racetrack-memory","display_name":"Racetrack memory","score":0.5548327565193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5495565533638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49548542499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4705296754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44733956456184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-conversion","display_name":"Data conversion","score":0.4389364421367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-code","display_name":"Gray code","score":0.43544289469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40294885635375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3766271770000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3660046458244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34570926427841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3342288136482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3341262936592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23931393027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.23230573534965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21417546272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-memory","display_name":"Computer memory","score":0.09453168511390686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74214498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631739","display_name":"Nanowire","level":2,"score":0.7277491092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43363307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651623","display_name":"Racetrack memory","level":5,"score":0.5548327565193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5495565533638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49548542499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4705296754837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44733956456184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1232282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783551","display_name":"Data conversion","level":2,"score":0.4389364421367645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129861397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332772","display_name":"Gray code","level":2,"score":0.43544289469718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40294885635375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3766271770000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3660046458244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34570926427841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3342288136482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3341262936592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23931393027305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.23230573534965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21417546272277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92855701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5830907","display_name":"Computer memory","level":3,"score":0.09453168511390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87907426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815755","display_name":"Memory refresh","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983739214","https://openalex.org/W2002711855","https://openalex.org/W2006291936","https://openalex.org/W2020583007","https://openalex.org/W2029083842","https://openalex.org/W2030822983","https://openalex.org/W2038212324","https://openalex.org/W2049905908","https://openalex.org/W2054297670","https://openalex.org/W2106988548","https://openalex.org/W2108083714","https://openalex.org/W2146235148","https://openalex.org/W2150423223","https://openalex.org/W3150611138","https://openalex.org/W4252370165","https://openalex.org/W6658294711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W111380440","https://openalex.org/W3130352543","https://openalex.org/W2104078304","https://openalex.org/W1852269395","https://openalex.org/W4229878817","https://openalex.org/W1586097137","https://openalex.org/W1640957184","https://openalex.org/W2500063778","https://openalex.org/W2154984715","https://openalex.org/W2792296042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current-induced":[0],"domain":[1,26],"wall":[2,27],"motion":[3,28],"in":[4],"racetrack":[5,36,70,96],"memory":[6],"promises":[7],"energy-efficient":[8],"analog":[9],"computation":[10],"using":[11,34],"compact":[12],"magnetic":[13,37,41],"nanowires.":[14,38],"This":[15,84],"paper":[16,85],"explores":[17],"the":[18,95],"feasibility":[19],"of":[20],"data":[21],"converters":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24],"current-induced":[25],"and":[29],"introduces":[30],"an":[31,48],"n-bit":[32,49],"ADC":[33,59,71,78],"n":[35],"With":[39],"each":[40],"nanowire":[42],"having":[43],"a":[44],"different":[45],"configuration":[46],"granularity,":[47],"binary":[50],"or":[51],"gray":[52],"code":[53],"is":[54,72],"generated":[55],"simultaneously.":[56],"The":[57,69],"proposed":[58],"structure":[60],"achieves":[61],"21fJ/conversion-step":[62],"at":[63],"20MHz":[64],"with":[65],"area":[66],"under":[67],"10\u03bcm2.":[68],"suitable":[73],"for":[74],"applications":[75],"requiring":[76],"dense":[77],"arrays,":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"image":[82],"sensors.":[83],"describes":[86],"one":[87],"ultra-high":[88],"speed":[89],"DPS":[90],"imaging":[91],"system":[92],"benefiting":[93],"from":[94],"ADC.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}