{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996012720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","title":"An ultralow-power CMOS transconductor design with wide input linear range for biomedical applications","display_name":"An ultralow-power CMOS transconductor design with wide input linear range for biomedical applications","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996012720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","mag":"1996012720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013385312","display_name":"Yen\u2010Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-0516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034116231","display_name":"Donald Y.C. Lie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Y.C. Lie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), TTU, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), TTU, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101637603","display_name":"Weibo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weibo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036482674","display_name":"Tam Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-7760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), TTU, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), TTU, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2211","last_page":"2214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.8246365785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7393935918807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.6523294448852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.6294694542884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.5730547904968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.547181248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5319120287895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4577244222164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.408679336309433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.344548761844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3010059595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2859033942222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.23175224661827087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.8246365785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7393935918807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6523294448852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.6294694542884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5730547904968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.547181248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5319120287895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4577244222164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.408679336309433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.344548761844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3010059595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2859033942222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.23175224661827087}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481844782","https://openalex.org/W1544952269","https://openalex.org/W1845669885","https://openalex.org/W1988535900","https://openalex.org/W1998512251","https://openalex.org/W2096987478","https://openalex.org/W2115856895","https://openalex.org/W2131178633","https://openalex.org/W2132978545","https://openalex.org/W2136213861","https://openalex.org/W2154071097","https://openalex.org/W2156568285","https://openalex.org/W2162043112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204879205","https://openalex.org/W1943174035","https://openalex.org/W2096437374","https://openalex.org/W1928481607","https://openalex.org/W1485582195","https://openalex.org/W57337972","https://openalex.org/W2548900738","https://openalex.org/W2368486130","https://openalex.org/W2131637933","https://openalex.org/W4385650437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,113],"ultralow-power":[4],"CMOS":[5],"linear":[6,39,61],"transconductor":[7],"design":[8,22],"operating":[9],"in":[10,70,83],"weak":[11],"inversion":[12],"for":[13,23],"low":[14,32],"frequency":[15],"g":[16],"<sub":[17,55],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,56],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">m</sub>":[19,57],"-C":[20],"filter":[21,80],"potential":[24],"biomedical":[25],"applications,":[26],"where":[27],"the":[28,35,71,100],"transconductance":[29,72],"should":[30],"be":[31],"to":[33,40,65,107],"reduce":[34],"capacitor":[36],"size,":[37],"and":[38,44,49],"minimize":[41],"distortion.":[42],"Bulk-driven":[43],"degeneration":[45,63],"techniques":[46],"are":[47],"used,":[48],"we":[50],"have":[51],"adopted":[52],"this":[53],"G":[54],"cell":[58],"as":[59],"a":[60,67,76,84,126],"source":[62],"resistor":[64],"achieve":[66],"91%":[68],"reduction":[69],"value.":[73],"In":[74],"addition,":[75],"fourth-order":[77],"Butterworth":[78],"bandpass":[79],"was":[81],"designed":[82],"proprietary":[85],"0.35-\u03bcm":[86],"BCD":[87],"(bipolar-CMOS-DMOS)":[88],"process":[89],"by":[90],"Texas":[91],"Instruments":[92],"(TI).":[93],"The":[94,118],"SPICE":[95],"simulation":[96],"results":[97],"indicate":[98],"that":[99],"total":[101],"harmonic":[102],"distortion":[103],"is":[104,121],"greatly":[105],"reduced":[106],"less":[108],"than":[109],"-71":[110],"dB":[111],"at":[112,125],"input":[114],"of":[115],"100":[116],"mV.":[117],"power":[119],"consumption":[120],"only":[122],"750":[123],"nW":[124],"3-V":[127],"supply":[128],"voltage.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
