{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075182239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","title":"Analysis and design for text readability increase in quad-structure RGBW color EPD","display_name":"Analysis and design for text readability increase in quad-structure RGBW color EPD","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075182239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","mag":"2075182239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014836059","display_name":"Kyung Joon Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Joon Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008891682","display_name":"Sung Kyu Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Kyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393340","display_name":"Sang\u2010Hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-300X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085108394","display_name":"Su Yeong Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Yeong Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100617710","display_name":"Young Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014836059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13060799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1724","last_page":"1727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11128","display_name":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.9707130193710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7159452438354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.652649462223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5841467380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.47407618165016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4369692802429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4235541820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4055163264274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3607628345489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11841148138046265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9707130193710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7159452438354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.652649462223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5841467380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.47407618165016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4369692802429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4235541820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4055163264274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3607628345489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11841148138046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990873664","https://openalex.org/W2054082830","https://openalex.org/W2056856387","https://openalex.org/W2071931463","https://openalex.org/W2092755522","https://openalex.org/W2123670043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964661231","https://openalex.org/W4254960163","https://openalex.org/W3110264473","https://openalex.org/W2370831213","https://openalex.org/W4315704968","https://openalex.org/W4285478380","https://openalex.org/W2100255360","https://openalex.org/W2032810564","https://openalex.org/W2107506952","https://openalex.org/W3135287016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"approach":[5,73],"to":[6,28,55,95,109],"enhancing":[7],"the":[8,12,20,33,36,39,49,60,65,71,75,80,97,105,116,121,126],"text":[9,23,42,81,110,113,127],"readability":[10,37,57,128],"of":[11,38],"quad":[13],"RGBW":[14],"color":[15,21],"electrophoretic":[16],"display":[17],"(EPD).":[18],"In":[19,83,101,115],"EPD,":[22],"characters":[24,43],"are":[25,44],"jagged":[26],"due":[27],"its":[29],"low":[30],"resolution":[31],"and":[32,47,78,91],"jaggedness":[34,77],"degrades":[35],"text.":[40],"However,":[41],"usually":[45],"black-and-white,":[46],"for":[48],"black-and-white":[50],"character,":[51],"it":[52],"is":[53],"possible":[54],"improve":[56],"by":[58],"relocating":[59],"character":[61],"sampling":[62,99],"points":[63],"at":[64],"sub-pixel":[66],"level.":[67],"Based":[68],"on":[69],"this,":[70],"proposed":[72,106,122],"reduces":[74],"characters'":[76],"enhances":[79],"readability.":[82],"implementation,":[84],"we":[85,103],"used":[86],"two-dimensional":[87],"contrast":[88],"sensitivity":[89],"function":[90],"discrete":[92],"Fourier":[93],"transform":[94],"select":[96],"best":[98],"points.":[100],"addition,":[102],"applied":[104],"method":[107,123],"only":[108],"areas":[111],"after":[112],"detection.":[114],"experiments":[117],"using":[118],"test":[119],"images,":[120],"clearly":[124],"increased":[125],"without":[129],"inducing":[130],"any":[131],"visual":[132],"artifacts":[133],"in":[134],"non-text":[135],"area.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
